2.1C Properties of Ionic Compounds

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Chemistry

Molecular & Ionic Compounds

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1
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Tell me about the structure of Ionic Compounds

  • exist as three-dimensional lattice structures. The structure is based areound a repeating unit (the formula unit/empirical formula)

  • The coordination number is used to express the number of ions that surround a given ion in the lattice

2
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What is lattice enthalpy?

a measure of the strength of the forces between ions in an ionic solid

  • The physical properties of ionic compounds reflect their lattice structure

3
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What does lattice enthalpy depend on?

  1. ionic radius (smaller radius, stronger attraction)

  2. charge of ion (higher charge, stronger attraction)

4
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Tell me about melting and boiling points in relation to ionic compounds

  • ionic compounds tend to have high melting and boiling points due to the strength of the electrostatic attraction between the ions in the lattice

  • The melting and boiling points are generally higher when the charge on the ions is greater

5
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What is Volatility? Tell me about it.

  • a term used to describe the tendency of a substance to vapourize

  • Substances with high volatility are more likely to exist as a vapour

  • Ionic bonds are very strong, require large amounts of energy to overcome

  • At room temperature, ions do not have enough to break away

    • ionic compounds have no odor

6
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What is Solubility? Tell me about it.

  • the ease with which a solid (the solute) becomes dispersed through a liquid (the solvent to form a solution

  • Dissolving in water involves the attraction fo polar water molecules to the oppositely-charged ions in the ionic lattice, and the hydration of the separated ions

<ul><li><p><strong><span style="color: purple">the ease with which a solid (the solute) becomes dispersed through a liquid (the solvent to form a solution</span></strong></p></li><li><p>Dissolving in water involves the attraction fo polar water molecules to the oppositely-charged ions in the ionic lattice, and the hydration of the separated ions</p></li></ul>
7
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What two conditions are needed for Electrical Conductivity?

  1. Presence of charged particles

  2. Charged particles must be free to move

8
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Why can Solid Ions Lattice not conduct electricity?

because there are no freely moving charged particles and ions are locked into position

<p>because there are <strong><span style="color: purple">no freely moving charged particles</span></strong> and ions are locked into position</p>
9
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Why can Molten Ions Compounds/Solutions conduct electricity?

since ions are separated from each other, they are free to move allowing for electrons to flow

<p>since <strong><span style="color: green">ions are separated from each other</span></strong>, they are free to move allowing for electrons to flow</p>