Lab Midterm Review

Lab 1-6 AP2

Lugol’s reagent

carbohydrate reagent that goes from dark orange to black. Tests for polysaccharides

Sudan IV

lipid reagent that goes from dark red to light red

Benedict’s reagnet

carbohydrate reagent that goes from blue to red. test for monosaccahrides

Biuret’s reagent

peptide reagent that goes from light blue to purple

stomach, small intestines, and large intestines

main organs of the digestive system

pancreas and liver

accessory organs of the digestive system

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

the 3 parts of the small intestines

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon

the 4 parts of the large intestines (colon)

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

salivary glands that produce saliva to swollow food

incisors, canines, premolars and molars

4 types of teeth

greater omentum

anchors organ of the digestie system to other organs of the digestive system. covers the small intestines, and part of the colon. Apron-like and jello-ish.

lesser omentum

anchors organ of the digestie system to other organs of the digestive system. Connects liver with the stomach

mesentaries

attatches parts of the digesetive tract (mainly the intestines and rectum) to the dorsal wall. almost translucent and has lots of blood vessels

stomach function

digestion and breakdown of food.

2 stomach sphincters

lower esophogeal/cardiac and phyloric sphincter - keeps acid inside the stomach

liver

produces bile also known as emulsification

electrocardiogram (ekg/ecg)

measures the electical activity of the heart

p wave

atrial depolarization

qrs complex

ventricular depolarization

t wave

ventricular repolarization

brachiocephalic trunk

right common corotid artery and right subclavian artery

name changes of the subclavain artery

subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial and ulnar

celiac trunk branches

gastric, splenic, hepatic, and pancreatic arteries

descending aorta

where does the celiac trunk stem from

superior mesenteric artery

supplies blood to the small intestines and the ascending and transverse colon

inferior mesenteric artery

supplies blood to the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

arteries that stem from the external iliac branch

femoral artery, popliteal artery, tibial artery, and fibular artery

blood

connective tissue made up of plasma and formed elements

plasma

a nonliving fluid matrix

formed elements

living cells (RBC, WBC, and platelets)

RBC main function

transport oxygen in the blood throughout the body

WBC main function

immune system response/ deals with pathogens

platelets main function

blood clotting (hemostasis)

diapedesis

ability of WBC to move in and out of blood vessels

neutrophils function

phygocitic “kill by eating”

eosinophil function

anti-parasitic

basophil function

mediate allergic response

monocyte function

macrophage “kill by eating” at a mature stage

lymphocytes function

Mediate immune repsosne and the cells must mature into plasma cells that make antibodies

antigens

used to identify self from foregin

antibodies

secreted by plasma cells as a part of immune response to foreign matter

what happens when antigens and antibodies mix

aggluination can occur causing RBC to clump together

agglutination

causes clumping (antigen-antibody complex)

AB type

universal recipient/ lacks anti A and anti B antibodies

O type

universal donor/ lacks RBC antigens

Rh group (D-antigens)

defines postivie or negative blood types due to the d-antigen

hemolytic disease of newborn

Rh negative mom and Rh postive baby

RhoGAM

prevention vaccine given to Rh negative mother. it binds fetal agglutination in mom’s blood so she will not form anti-D antibodies against the Rh postive baby.

Left subclavian artery and left common corotid artery

independant artereis that stem from the aortic arch

descending aorta

brings blood to the thorasic area and abdominal aorta below the diaphragm