5._Lewis_Acid_Base_-_Filled-In

Brønsted Acid

A species that donates a proton.

Brønsted Base

A species that accepts a proton.

Acidity Trend

A trend where increasing electronegativity corresponds to increased Brønsted acidity.

Conjugate Base Stability

Stability that increases when a negative charge is delocalized over multiple atoms.

Lewis Acid

An electron pair acceptor.

Lewis Base

An electron pair donor, often a neutral molecule.

Adduct

A complex formed from the reaction of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base.

Dative Bond

A bond where a shared pair of electrons is provided by one atom.

Hard Soft Acid Base Theory

A theory that categorizes acids and bases based on their polarizability.

Polarizability

The ability of an electron cloud to be distorted by nearby electric fields.

Steric Effects

Effects that occur due to the physical size and shape of the substituents around a reaction site.

Inductive Effects

Effects caused by the electron-withdrawing or donating ability of substituents.

Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs)

A situation where steric hindrance prevents adduct formation.

Resonance Structures

Multiple structures representing the same molecule, which contribute to its stability.

HOMO

Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital.

LUMO

Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital.

MO Diagram

A graphical representation of molecular orbitals and their energies.

Quantify Lewis Basicity

Methods to measure Lewis basicity, often using equilibrium constants or affinity values.

Electron Withdrawing Groups (EWG)

Substituents that pull electron density away from a site.

Electron Donating Groups (EDG)

Substituents that push electron density toward a site.