EXAM 3

SD

Discriminative Stimulus, an environmental cue indicating availability of reinforcement for a specific behavior.

Reinforcement

An increase in future behavior.

Differential Reinforcement

A combination of utilizing reinforcement for a new/better skill and the extinction of an older/less refined skill.

Approximation

Attempts that are ‘close enough’.

Successive Approximation

Attempts toward the ideal target behavior, where each attempt is closer to the target than the previous one.

Shaping

Retraining a skill that was previously known but lost due to lack of use or change.

Starting Behavior

The first approximation that will be reinforced in the shaping process.

Prompting

A behavior modification procedure that uses instructor behavior or environmental stimuli to increase the likelihood of a learner emitting the correct response.

Fading

The gradual elimination of prompts as the behavior continues to occur correctly in the presence of the SD.

Response Prompts

The behavior of another person that evokes the desired response in the presence of the SD.

Stimulus Prompts

A change in the stimulus or addition/removal of a stimulus to make the correct response more likely.

Verbal Prompts

Any verbal statement that makes the correct behavior more likely to occur.

Gestural Prompts

Physical movement of another person that leads to the correct response.

Modeling Prompts

Demonstration of the correct behavior followed by imitation.

Physical Prompts

Another person physically assists the learner in engaging in the correct behavior.

Within Stimulus Prompts

Changes to the salience of an SD or SA.

Extra Stimulus Prompts

Adding a stimulus to help a person see the correct discrimination.

Transfer of Stimulus Control

Producing the correct response at the correct time without prompts.

Prompt Fading

The gradual removal of prompts after successful responses.

Fading Across Prompts

Starting with the least restrictive prompt and increasing the level as needed.

Prompt Delay

Providing time after the SD to allow the learner to respond correctly before a prompt is given.

Stimulus Fading

The gradual removal of additional stimuli from the SD.

Chaining

A process for teaching a complex behavior consisting of component behaviors in sequence.

Behavioral Chain

Small component behaviors that occur in a specific sequence leading to a complex behavior.

Task Analysis

Breaking down complex behaviors into individual stimulus-response components.

Backward Chaining

Teaching one behavior at a time starting with the last behavior.

Forward Chaining

Teaching one behavior at a time starting with the first behavior.

Total Task Presentation

Teaching all unknown components of a behavioral chain in order.

Graduated Guidance

Most-to-least prompt fading strategy that includes shadowing.

Written Task Analysis

A written list of component behaviors in sequential order.

Picture Prompts

Lists of pictures depicting the completed steps of a behavioral chain in sequential order.

Video Model

Learner watches a video of a model correctly completing a behavioral chain.

Self-Instructions

Teaching a learner to recite steps of a behavioral change.

BST

Behavioral Skills Training, a four-part process: Modeling, Instructions, Rehearsal, and Feedback.

Situ Assessment

Observation and assessment of baseline skills in a natural setting without intervention.

Situ Training

Teaching via BST in a natural setting based on skills expected to occur following an in situ assessment.