Unit 3

lymphocytes

primary cells of adaptive immune response and the only cells that recognize antigens and have memory

B lymphocytes

WBC involved in humoral immunity (produces antibodies & interacts w/ antigens) 

originate in the bone marrow

T lymphocytes

WBC involved in cell-mediated immunity (protects against virus-infected or cancer cells) 

mature in the thymus

antigens

substances that are foreign to the body and trigger the production of antibodies 

antibodies

protein molecules also known as immunoglobulins

IgG

immunoglobulin that offers the most protection against infections, responsible for newborn protection (crosses placenta)

IgA

immunoglobulin that protects the mucous membranes and is present in body secretions

IgM

immunoglobulin that is the 1^st antibody produced by the developing fetus and is involved in early immune responses

IgD

immunoglobulin needed for the maturation of B cells

IgE

immunoglobulin that binds to mast cells & basophils, is involved in parasitic infections, allergic & hypersensitivity reactions

oncogenes

mutated genes that promote cell proliferation and are capable of triggering cancerous characteristics, must be activated for cancer to occur

tumor-suppressor genes

inhibit proliferation of cells in a tumor, slow cell division or repair errors in DNA replication, must be inactivated for cancer to occur 

Type I

an anaphylactic allergic reaction is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Type II

Rh incompatibility is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Type III

SLE is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Type IV

allergic contact dermatitis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

systemic lupus erythema

what chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease may cause alopecia and the presence of a butterfly rash across the face?

rheumatoid arthritis

what chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease may cause stiff/swollen joints, ulnar deviations, and swan-neck deformities?

carcinoma in situ

localized pre-invasive lesions that are not yet malignant

common sites: cervix, esophagus, stomach, breast, bowel 

oncogenes

mutated genes that promote cell proliferation and are capable of triggering cancerous characteristics, but must be activated for cancer to occur 

tumor-suppressor genes

genes that inhibit proliferation of cells in a tumor, slow cell division or repair errors in DNA replication, and must be inactivated for cancer to occur 

initiation, promotion, & progression

what are the 3 stages of carcinogenesis?

ALL

which acute leukemia occurs most frequently in children?

CML

which chronic leukemia is at an increased risk of developing with?

malignant melanoma

tumor of melanocytes that is rapidly progressing and metastasizing  

basal cell carcinoma

neoplasm of nonkeratinizing cells of basal layer of epidermis that is non metastasizing and grows deep & wide

squamous cell carcinoma

tumor of outer epidermis that develops from preexisting skin lesions (scars, actinic keratosis) and may metastasize to regional lymph nodes 

ductus venosus

connects umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava/right atrium

ductus arteriosus

connects pulmonary artery to aorta

foramen ovale

connects right and left atria