4ARCC-BT-FERROUS AND NONFERROUS METALS

metal

a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity

ferrous metal

a metal containing iron as a primary material. iron, steel, wrought iron, etc.

non ferrous metal

a metal containing little or no iron. aluminum, bronze, brass, copper, lead

ferrous

is steel ferrous or non ferrous metal

non ferrous

is aluminum ferrous or non ferrous metal

wrought iron

a tough malleable, readily soft iron that is easily forged and welded. fatigue and corrosoion resistant

0.2% carbon

wrought iron is commercially pure iron containing only approximately ___________

galvanized iron

iron coated with zinc to prevent rust. process is achieved thru hot-dip galvanizing

steel

alloy of iron and carbon

2%

steels carbon content is no more than

aluminum

ferrous metals alloy elements and its purpose:

for surface hardening

chromium

ferrous metals alloy elements and its purpose:

protects against corrosion

copper

ferrous metals alloy elements and its purpose:

resists atmospheric corrosion

manganese

ferrous metals alloy elements and its purpose:

small amounts= harder

large amounts= resists wear

molybdenum

ferrous metals alloy elements and its purpose:

combined with other alloying metals such as chromium and nickel to increase corrosion resistancce and to raise tensile strength without reducing ductility

nickel

ferrous metals alloy elements and its purpose:

increase tensile strength without reducing ductility, in high concentrations improves corrosion resistance

silicon

ferrous metals alloy elements and its purpose:

to strengthen low alloy steels and improve oxidation resistance. in larger amounts provide hard, britle casting resistant to corrosive chemicals

sulfur

ferrous metals alloy elements and its purpose:

helps easier machining for easier cut and shaping

titanium

ferrous metals alloy elements and its purpose:

Prevents inter-granular corrosion in stainless steel (stops rust from spreading between grains).

tungsten, vanadium, cobalt

ferrous metals alloy elements and its purpose:

Increase hardness and resistance to wear/abrasion (used in cutting tools, high-speed steels).

carbon steel

Unalloyed steel in which the residual element as carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur and silicon are controlled

stainless steel

An alloy steel containing a minimum of 12% chromium, sometimes with nickel, manganese, or molybdenum as additional alloying elements, so as to be highly resistant to corrosion

HSLA (High-Strength Low-Alloy) Steel

A group of low-carbon steels containing less than 2% alloys in a chemical composition specifically developed for increase strength, ductility, & resistance to corrosion. Much stronger & tougher than ordinary carbon steel

Weathering Steel

A high-strength, low-alloy steel that forms an oxide coating when exposed to rain or moisture in the atmosphere, which adheres firmly to the base metal and protects it from further corrosion

COR-TEN

weathering steel is best known under the trademark ________

aluminum

soft, non magnetic, ductile and malleable silvery white metal with thermal and electircal conductivity

aluminum

what is the most abundant metal in the earths crust, third most abundant element therin next to oxygen and silicon

copper

a ductile malleable reddish-brown with high thermal and electircla conductivity

patina

a weather reactive surface layer of insoluble green salt which retards corrosion and used to alloy bronze and braas to increase strength and corrosion resistance

brass

any alloy of copper and zinc, has muted yellow color, somewhat similar to gold

taarnishing

brass is relatively resistant to _____________

lead

a soft malleable metal also considered to be one of the heavy metals. has a bluish white color when freshly cut but tarnsihes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air and shiny chrome silver when melted into liquid

tungsten carbide

a chemical compund containing tungsten and carbon similar to titanium carbide.

Soldering

metal joinery:

a process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint, the filler metal having a relatively low melting point (below 840deg F)

Annealing

metal joinery:

in the cases of copper, steel, and brass this process is performed by substantially heating the material (until glowing) for a while and allowing to cool slowly. the metal is softened and prepared for further work such as shaping, stamping, or forming

brazing

metal joinery:

a joining process whereby a filler metal or allow is heated to melting temperature above 45 deg C or by the traditional definition that has beed used in the US, above 425 deg C and distributed between two or more close fitting parts by capillary action

welding

metal joinery:

a fabrication process that joins materials usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. often done by melting workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure sometimes used un conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce weld

rivet

metal joinery:

a mechanical fastener. before it is installed it consists of smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. the end opposite the head is called the bucktail

soldering

metal joinery:

melt a filler metal with low melting point (< 840°F / 450°C)

brazing

metal joinery:

Similar to soldering, but the filler metal has a higher melting point (> 450°C).

welding

metal joinery:

The base metals themselves are melted (with or without filler) and fuse together.

annealing

metal joinery:

Not a joining process → it's a heat treatment. Relaxing the metal so it's easier to work with.

alclad

metal protection:

What it is: Aluminum sheet with a strong aluminum alloy inside + thin pure aluminum layers outside.

Why: Pure aluminum forms a natural oxide layer that resists corrosion.

Where used: Aircraft industry (lightweight + corrosion resistant).

sherardizing

metal protection:

A way of coating steel/iron with zinc to prevent rust.

Expose the metal to zinc vapor from molten zinc in a special gas atmosphere.

structural carbon steel

type of steel generally used in the manufacturing of rebars, rolled shapes, and bars. it is designated as ASTM A7 for structural purposes

stainless steel

an alloy containing a minimum of 12% chromium, sometimes with nickel, manganese, molybdenum as additional alloying element, so as to be highly resistant to corrosion

butt plate

in steel construction it is a horizontal plate providing a full bearing for smaller column section being joined to a larger section

wide flange

a type of rolled section that has greater flange width and relatively thinner web than standard I-Beam; the inner faces of the flanges are parallel to the outer faces. this section is identified by the alphabetical symbol W and followed by their nominal depth in mm with their mass in kg per linear meter

plate

a steel section having a width of more than 200 mm and 5.15mm and more in thickness or more than 1219.2mm in width or 4.5mm and more in thickness

rolled shapes

steel shapes or sections defined to include structural steel sections produced by passing red hot blooms (for larger section) or billets (for smaller sections) through rolls until the desired shape is attained.

flange

a broad ridge or pair of ridges projecting at a right angle from the edges of a structural shape in order to strengthen or stiffen it

shear connector

a small T shaped section attached to the top of a beam flange designed to provide connection between beam and concrete slab unit

castellated beam

a steel beam fabricated by dividing the web flange section with a lengthwise zigzag cut, then welding both halves together at the peaks, thus increasing its depth without increasing its weigth

standard i beam

a steel beam identified by the alphabeticcal symbol S, the designation S 310 x 74 is a shape with a nominal depth 310mm x 74kg/m.

the difference between this section and W shape are (1) the flange width of S shape is narrower than the W shape, (2) the inner face of the flange of the S shape has a slope of about 16.7:1

built-up shape

a structural steel section made up of steel plates with thicknesses ranging from 5mm to 45mm welded together to form structural shapes. usually substitute for rolled section

shear plate

a plate fastened to the web of a plate girder to increase its resistance to shearing stresses

alclad

an aluminum product clad with an aluminum alloy that is anode to the core alloy, thus protecting it physically and electrolytically against corrosion

brass

any of various alloy consisting essentially of copper and zinc, used for windows railings, trim, and finish hardware

base plate

a steel plate for transmitting and distributing a column load to the supporting foundation material

seated connection

a shear resisting steel connection made by welding or bolting the web of a beam to the supporting column or girder with two angles

mild steel

a low carbon steel containing from 0.15% to 0.25% carbon; also called soft steel

cold formed section

A structural steel section formed by stamping, rolling, or bending of steel sheets with stress properties approximately in the range of the steel used for hot rolled products.

sections of these are formed from COILS or SHEETS which thickness ranging from 2mm to 6mm.

shapes bent from plates with thickness from 6mm to 20mm are designated as such

cover plate

a plate fastened to the flanges of a plate girder to increase its section modulus in areas subject to high bending stress

c shape

formerly called american standard channels. the theoretical and nominal depths are identical.

the inner face of a flange has the same slope as s shape hence, a section 230x22 is a standard section with a nominal depth of 230mm and a mass of 22kg/m