Plumbing Terms

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767 Terms

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ACCESS COVER/ACCESS PANEL
A removable plate, usually secured by bolts or screws, to permit access to a pipe or pipe fitting for the purposes of inspection, repair or cleaning.
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ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE (ABS)
A black plastic pipe and fittings that are used in plumbing for drainage, sewer & waste and venting. Plastic in modern plumbing has replaced using pipes and fittings of iron, steel and lead.
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ADAPTER FITTING
An approved connecting device that suitably and properly joins or adjusts pipes and fittings that do not otherwise fit together.
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AERATOR
A device that adds air into flowing water from the end of a faucet to reduce splashing.
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AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE
One-way valve designed to allow air to enter the plumbing drainage system when negative pressures develop in the piping system.
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AIR BREAK
A piping arrangement in which a drain from a fixture, appliance or device discharges indirectly into another fixture, receptacle or interceptor at a point below the flood level rim and above the trap seal.
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AIR GAP (Drainage System)
The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the outlet of the waste pipe and the flood level rim of the receptacle into which the waste pipe is discharging.
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AIR GAP (Water Distribution System)
The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle.
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ANGLE STOP
Used for emergency repair, it is a shutoff mechanism between water pipes and a faucet.
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ANTI-SIPHON
A term applied to valves or mechanical devices that eliminate siphonage.
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AREA DRAIN
A receptacle designed to collect surface or storm water from an open area.
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AUTOMATIC COMPENSATING VALVE
Valve supplied with both hot and cold-water flow. These valves provide a way of automatically maintaining water temperature for a specific outlet.
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BACKFLOW
An unwanted flow of water in the reverse direction that returns contaminated water from a work site back to the potable water source. Backflow occurs for one of two reasons, either back pressure or back siphonage.
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BACKFLOW CONNECTION
Any arrangement of pipes, plumbing fixtures, drains, and so forth, in which backflow can occur.
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BACKFLOW PREVENTER
Device or means to prevent flow of liquid from returning to the source of supply. Also called vacuum breaker.
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BACK FLUSH
The flow reversal of materials, typically liquids, to flush any contaminants that have built-up through a filtering system.
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BACKWATER VALVE
A device or valve installed in the building drain or sewer pipe where a sewer is subject to backflow, and that prevents drainage or waste from backing up into a lower level or fixtures and causing a flooding condition.
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BACK VENT PIPE
An individual vent for a plumbing fixture located on the downstream (sewer) side of a trap to protect the trap against siphonage. This is sometimes called individual vent.
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BALL CHECK VALVE
A valve that utilizes a ball to seal an area and stop flow in a certain direction.
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BALL COCK
A valve opened and closed by the fall and rise, respectively, of an attached ball floating on the surface of the liquid.
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BALL JOINT
A type of pipe connection in which a ball-shaped end is held in a cuplike shell and allows movement in every direction.
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BASKET STRAINER
A strainer that fits into a sink or shower drain that allows water to run through, but catches food, hair, and other objects to prevent clogging.
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BATHROOM
A room equipped with a shower stall or bathtub.
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BATHROOM GROUP
A group of fixtures consisting of a water closet, lavatory, bathtub or shower, including or excluding a bidet, an emergency floor drain or both. Such fixtures are located together on the same floor level.
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BATTERY OF FIXTURES
Any two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharges into a common horizontal soil or waste branch.
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BIDET
Consisting of a washing basin, hot/cold faucet, and sprayer, it is mounted near a toilet for the purpose of washing one's self.
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BLOW-OFF
A controlled outlet of a pipeline to discharge liquid or detritus.
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BOILER
A closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated.
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BRANCH
Any part of the piping system except a riser, main or stack. Also known as a lateral line.
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BRANCH VENT
A vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent.
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BUILDING DRAIN
That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system which receives the discharge from soil, waste, and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building sewer, beginning five (5) feet (1.5 meters) outside the inner face of the building wall.
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BUILDING SEWER
Refers to the piping/conduits that connect the wastewater sources of a building to the municipal sewer system for treatment or disposal. Also known as the sewer tap, sewer lateral line or house sewer.
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BUILDING SUB DRAIN
That portion of a drainage system that does not drain by gravity into the building sewer.
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BUILDING TRAP
A device, fitting or assembly of fittings installed in the building drain to prevent circulation of air between the drainage system of the building and the building sewer.
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CAULKING
Plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials that are pounded into the annular space. A material used to seal joints or seams against leakage in various structures and piping.
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CAP
A fitting, screwed or caulked over the end of a pipe for closing the pipe end.
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CATCH BASIN
A receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficient period of time to allow settleable material to deposit.
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CESSPOOL
Means an excavation into the earth which is used for the reception of sewage or drainage from plumbing fixtures, effluent from septic tanks, together with water used in carriage of said sewage or drainage, but which does not have watertight walls or bottom.
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CIRCUIT VENT
A vent that connects to a horizontal drainage branch and vents two traps to not more than eight traps or trapped fixtures connected into a battery.
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CISTERN
A small covered tank for storing water for a home or farm. Generally, this tank stores rainwater to be utilized for purposes other than in the potable water supply, and such tank is placed underground in most cases.
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CLEANOUT
An access opening in the drainage system utilized for the removal of obstructions. Types of cleanouts include a removable plug or cap, and a removable fixture or fixture trap.
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CLOSE-COUPLED TOILET
A two-piece toilet. The toilet tank is separate from the toilet bowl. This is the most common type of toilet.
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CLOSET AUGER
A flexible rod with a curved end used to access the toilet's built-in trap and remove clogs.
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CLOSET FLANGE
An anchoring ring secured to the floor. The base of the toilet is secured to this ring with bolts.
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COLLECTION PIPE
Unpressurized pipe used within the collection system that drains on-site non-potable water or rainwater to a storage tank by gravity.
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COMBINATION FIXTURE
A fixture combining one sink and laundry tray or a two- or three-compartment sink or laundry tray in one unit.
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COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM
A specially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks, lavatories, drinking fountains or floor drains by means of a common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide free movement of air above the flow line of the drain.
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COMMON VENT
A vent connecting at the junction of two fixture drains or to a fixture branch and serving as a vent for both fixtures.
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CONDUCTOR
A pipe inside the building that conveys storm water from the roof to a storm or combined building drain. Also called roof leader, downspout or roof drain.
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CONTAMINATION
An impairment of the quality of the potable water that creates an actual hazard to the public health through poisoning or the spread of disease by sewage, industrial fluids or waste.
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COUPLING
A fitting that joins two pieces of pipe (or other fittings) together.
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CRITICAL LEVEL
An elevation (height) reference point that determines the minimum height at which a backflow preventer or vacuum breaker is installed above the flood level rim of the fixture or receptor served by the device.
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CRITICAL LEVEL
An elevation (height) reference point that determines the minimum height at which a backflow preventer or vacuum breaker is installed above the flood level rim of the fixture or receptor served by the device. It is the elevation level below which there is a potential of backflow to occur.
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CROSS CONNECTION
Any arrangements of pipes, fixtures, or fittings that directly or indirectly connects a non potable water source (hazardous pollutants) to the drinking water. It is a point in a plumbing system where it is possible for a nonpotable substance to come into contact with the potable drinking water supply.
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CULVERT
A pipe-like construction of concrete that passes under a road to allow drainage.
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DEMAND
The flow necessary to satisfy system requirements.
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DETRITUS
The sand, grit, and other coarse material removed by differential sedimentation in a relatively short period of detention.
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DISCHARGE CAPACITY
The carrying in gallons per minute (GPM) or liters per second (L/s) of the air gap device, without spillage of water from the air gap to the atmosphere.
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DISCHARGE PIPE
A pipe that conveys the discharge from plumbing fixtures or appliances.
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DISCHARGE VALVE
A valve for reducing, or increasing, the flow in a pipe, as opposed to a stop valve.
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DISHWASHER
An appliance or machine for washing dishes.
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DISHWASHER AIR GAP
An apparatus that is usually mounted next to your faucet, either on the counter or in a knockout on the kitchen sink. This device connects from the waste outlet of the dishwasher to the air gap and from there it connects to a waste opening in the p-trap of the kitchen sink.
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DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Refers to all pipes, fittings and fixtures used to convey liquid or gas from one point to another.
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DOMESTIC SEWAGE
The used water from houses and apartments, mostly coming from the kitchen, bathroom, and laundry sources. It is discharged into the public sewer or into a private sewage disposal system.
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DOWNPIPE/DOWNSPOUT
A vertical drainage pipe for conveying storm water from the roof or gutter drains. Also called waterspout, roof drain pipe or leader.
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DRAIN
Any pipe that carries waste water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system.
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DRAINAGE FITTING
The type of fitting or fittings utilized in the drainage system. Drainage fittings are similar to cast-iron fittings, except that instead of having a bell and spigot, drainage fittings are recessed and tapped to eliminate ridges on the inside of the installed pipe.
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DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT
A measure of the probable discharge into the drainage system by various types of plumbing fixtures. The drainage fixture-unit value for a particular fixture depends on its volume rate of drainage discharge, on the time duration of a single drainage operation and on the average time between successive operations.
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DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Piping within a public or private premise that conveys sewage, rainwater or other liquid waste to a point of disposal. A drainage system does not include the mains of a public sewer system or a private or public sewage treatment or disposal plant.
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DRAIN COCK
A valve, usually installed in the lowest portion of a piping system or vessel, that controls the flow of liquid from the system or vessel. Also called drain valve.
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DRINKING FOUNTAIN
A plumbing fixture that is connected to the potable water distribution system and the drainage system. The fixture allows the user to obtain a drink directly from a stream of flowing water without the use of any accessories.
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DROP IN BATH TUB
A bathtub that is built with an integral lip or ledge that is meant to fit into or be dropped-into a pre-framed area that is to receive the bathtub.
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DRUM TRAP
A cylindrical trap, with its axis in a vertical direction, having a cover plate which may be unscrewed for access; commonly used on the drainpipe from a bathtub or under a bathroom floor.
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EFFLUENT
An outflowing of water or gas to a natural body of water, from a structure such as a wastewater treatment plant, sewer pipe, or industrial outfall.
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EJECTOR PUMPS
A device manufactured to elevate water, sewage (suspended solids) or liquid waste from a lower level to a point of discharge where it can be drained away by gravity into a sewer or drain.
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ELBOW (aka ELL)
A fitting with two openings that changes the direction of the line. Also called an ell. It comes in a variety of angles, from 22 1/2° to 90°, though by far the most common is the 90°.
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ELONGATED
The shape of the front of a toilet bowl. Generally about 2" longer than the standard "round front" bowl.
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EMERGENCY FLOOR DRAIN
A floor drain that does not receive the discharge of any drain or indirect waste pipe, and that protects against damage from accidental spills, fixture overflows and leakage.
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EXPANSION TANK
A tank usually installed on a closed hot water line used to absorb excess pressure due to thermal expansion. Because water expands when heated, the water needs a place to expand to hence the expansion tank.
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FALL
The proper slope or pitch of a pipe for adequate drainage.
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FAUCET
A sink fixture that controls water flow.
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FEMALE FITTING
A fitting that receives a pipe or fitting. A fitting into which another fitting is inserted.
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FERRULE
A type of cap widely used in pipe and fixture joints to create a tight compression fitting. These special connectors can prevent gas and water leaks when properly installed.
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FILL VALVE
The component that controls the water filling the holding tank, the part that opens the water flow as the flush cycle empties the tank, and shuts off the water supply once the tank has refilled to the proper level.
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FILTRATION
The process of the flow of water running through a filter medium. A general term that refers to any system or process that is used to filter out particles and pollutants from water.
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FIRE CISTERN WATER
A man-made cavity in the ground for the storage of water for the purpose of preventing the spread of fire or the extinguishing of fire.
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FIRE HOSE
A hose supplied with water for the explicit purpose of extinguishing fires.
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FIRE HYDRANT
A valve, a series of valves and spouts, or spouts supplying water under pressure for connecting apparatus used extinguishing fires.
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FIRE LINE
A system of pipes and equipment used exclusively to supply water for fire extinguishing. To supply water to a hose cabinet or to supply water to a sprinkler head.
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FIRE SERVICE PIPE
Means a pipe that conveys water from a public water main or private water source to the inside of a building for the purpose of supplying the fire sprinkler or standpipe systems.
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FITTING
A part used to join two sections of pipe or other fittings together. An example of a fitting is an elbow, bushing, or coupling.
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FIXTURE
Means a receptacle, appliance, apparatus or other device that discharges sewage or clear-water waste, and includes a floor drain.
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FIXTURE BRANCH
A drain serving two or more fixtures that discharges to another drain or to a stack. It can also be known as a horizontal branch.
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FIXTURE CARRIERS
A device that is installed behind a finished wall and anchored to the floor to mount and off the floor plumbing fixtures i.e., lavatories, wall hung toilets, urinals and slop sinks. It is most commonly used in commercial and institutional applications due to increases wear and tear.
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FIXTURE COUNT
The summation of all supply fixture unit valves to determine the maximum probable demand on the water supply system or source. The summation of all drainage fixture unit valves to determine the maximum probable discharge into the drainage or sewer system.
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FIXTURE DRAIN
The drain from the trap of a fixture to a junction of that drain with any other drain pipe.
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FIXTURE UNIT
An arbitrary quantity in terms of which the load producing effects or water requirements on the plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in some arbitrarily chosen scale. One fixture unit is equivalent to a rate of flow at 28.3 liters per minute (1cu.ft./minute).
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FIXTURE SUPPLY
The water supply pipe connecting a fixture to a branch water supply pipe or directly to a main water supply pipe.
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FLAMMABLE WASTE
Waste that is easily ignited and will burn. Examples include waste ethanol, methanol, hexane, acetic acid and acetone.
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FLANGE
A rim, or edge, on a shaft or a pipe fitting projecting at right angles to provide strength or means of attachment to another part.