flow chart for pure substances and matter

matter, pure substance/mixture, element/compound, solution/mech mixture

whmis symbols 

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) uses various symbols to alert users to the hazards of different materials. Two common symbols include: 1. "Flame" Symbol: This indicates a flammable or combustible material, meaning it can easily catch fire or burn. 2. "Skull and Crossbones" Symbol: This symbol signifies acute toxicity, meaning the material can cause death or poisoning if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin.

properties

Physical Properties

Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition. These include:

• State: Solid, liquid, or gas.

• Melting Point: The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.

• Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas.

• Density: Mass per unit volume (d=m/V)(d=m/V).

• Color: The visual appearance of the substance.

• Odor: The smell of the substance.

• Hardness: Resistance to scratching or indentation.

• Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

Chemical Properties

Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to undergo changes that alter its chemical composition, resulting in new substances. These include:

• Flammability: The ability of a substance to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.

• Reactivity: How readily a substance undergoes a chemical reaction with another substance.

• Toxicity: The degree to which a substance can harm an organism.

• Corrosivity: The ability of a substance to cause damage to materials, often by chemical reaction.

physical and chemical changes

Physical Changes

Physical changes alter the form or appearance of a substance but do not create new substances. The chemical composition remains the same. These changes are often reversible.

• Examples: Melting ice into water, boiling water into steam, crushing a can, dissolving sugar in water, cutting paper, bending a metal wire.

Chemical Changes

Chemical changes (also known as chemical reactions) result in the formation of one or more new substances with different chemical compositions and properties from the original substances. These changes are generally irreversible.

• Indicators:

  • Production of gas: Bubbles forming (e.g., vinegar and baking soda).

  • Change in temperature: Heat released (exothermic) or absorbed (endothermic).

  • Change in color: A new color appears.

  • Formation of a precipitate: A solid forms in a liquid solution.

  • Production of light or sound: Energy released.

• Examples: Burning wood, rusting iron, cooking an egg, digestion of food, baking a cake, exploding fireworks.

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Physical Changes

Physical changes alter the form or appearance of a substance but do not create new substances. The chemical composition remains the same. These changes are often reversible.

• Examples: Melting ice into water, boiling water into steam, crushing a can, dissolving sugar in water, cutting paper, bending a metal wire.

Chemical Changes

Chemical changes (also known as chemical reactions) result in the formation of one or more new substances with different chemical compositions and properties from the original substances. These changes are generally irreversible.

• Indicators:

  • Production of gas: Bubbles forming (e.g., vinegar and baking soda).

  • Change in temperature: Heat released (exothermic) or absorbed (endothermic).

  • Change in color: A new color appears.

  • Formation of a precipitate: A solid forms in a liquid solution.

  • Production of light or sound: Energy released.

• Examples: Burning wood, rusting iron, cooking an egg, digestion of food, baking a cake, exploding fireworks.