Conditions

Paget’s disease of bone

a chronic disorder that disrupts the normal cycle of bone renewal, causing bones to grow larger and become weaker than normal

osteoporosis

• a condition in which bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures

• it occurs when the creation of new bone doesn’t keep up with the loss of old bone, leading to reduced bone density and mass

hypocalcemia

a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood

osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis)

a condition where bone tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

a serious condition where a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, usually in the legs

pulmonary embolism (PE)

a life-threatening condition that occurs when a blood clot (usually from a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the legs) travels to the lungs and blocks one or more arteries, blocking blood flow to the lungs, which can cause low oxygen levels, lung damage, and even sudden death if not treated immediately

retinal vein thrombosis/occlusion (RVT/RVO)

• a condition where a blood clot blocks a vein in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.

• blockage can cause sudden vision loss or blurring in the affected eye, as it disrupts blood flow and may lead to swelling, bleeding, or damage to the retina.

thromboembolic events

refer to conditions caused by a blood clot (thrombus) that forms in a blood vessel and either blocks the vessel locally or travels through the bloodstream (embolism) to block a vessel in another part of the body

peripheral edema

swelling caused by fluid accumulation in the feet, ankles, legs, hands, or arms

sinusitis

inflammation or swelling of the sinus cavities, the air-filled spaces behind your forehead, cheeks, nose, and eyes

gonorrhea

• sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae

• can infect the genitals, rectum, and throat, and if left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications

uncomplicated urethral & anogenital infections

refers to gonorrhea infections in the urethra (in men) or cervix, urethra, or rectum (in women) that have not spread to other parts of the body (e.g., blood, joints, or internal organs)

pseudomembranous colitis

• a severe inflammation of the colon caused by the overgrowth of Clostridioides difficile, a bacterium that produces toxins damaging the intestinal lining

• often develops after antibiotic use, which disrupts the normal balance of gut bacteria and allows C. difficile to flourish

otitis media

an infection or inflammation of the middle ear, often caused by bacteria or viruses

acute bacterial sinusitis/rhinosinusitis

• a sudden infection of the sinuses caused by bacteria, often following a viral upper respiratory infection (like a cold)

• results in inflammation, mucus buildup, and blocked sinus drainage, leading to symptoms such as facial pain, nasal congestion, and headache

community-acquired (CA) pneumonia

an infection of the lungs that develops in people outside of hospitals or long-term care facilities

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body

cervicitis

inflammation of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina

pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx, the back of the throat, often causing a sore or scratchy sensation

tonsillitis

inflammation of the tonsils, two small masses of tissue at the back of the throat

arrthymia

a condition where the heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly

syphillis

a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum

vaginal moniliasis/candidiasis

yeast infection

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder, most commonly caused by a urinary tract infection (UTI)

acute

conditions are sudden in onset, severe, and short-lived

uncomplicated

infections are localized, mild to moderate, and occur in otherwise healthy individuals with no risk factors for severe outcomes

complicated

infections are severe, recurrent, or occur in individuals with risk factors that increase the likelihood of treatment failure, spread of infection, or serious complications

pyelonephritis

• a serious kidney infection that typically occurs when bacteria (usually E. coli from the bladder) travel up the urinary tract and infect one or both kidneys

• a complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) and requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications like kidney damage, sepsis, or permanent loss of kidney function

Typhoid fever (enteric fever)

• a life-threatening systemic infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi

• spreads through contaminated food or water and primarily affects the intestines and bloodstream, leading to severe illness if untreated

tendinitis

inflammation or irritation of a tendon, the thick fibrous cords that attach muscles to bones. It causes pain and tenderness near a joint, often developing after repetitive motion, overuse, or injury

pruritus

itching

vaginitis

inflammation of the vagina that can cause discharge, itching, burning, and discomfort

malaria

a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito

vertigo

• a sensation of spinning or dizziness, often described as feeling like you or your surroundings are moving when there is no actual motion

• not the same as general dizziness or lightheadedness

• typically caused by issues in the inner ear, brain, or sensory nerve pathwaysand can be brief or persistent

• prostatitis

• inflammation of the prostate gland, a walnut-sized organ located below the bladder in men

• can cause pain, urinary issues, and sexual dysfunction

• not the same as an enlarged prostate (BPH) or prostate cancer, though symptoms may overlap

non-nodular acne vulgaris

• mild to moderate form of acne that does not involve nodules (large, painful, deep inflammatory lesions)

• primarily includes open and closed comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) and papulopustular acne (red bumps and pus-filled pimples)

emesis

vomiting

impetigo

a highly contagious bacterial skin infection

foreign body sensation (FBS)

the feeling that something is stuck, scratching, or irritating inside the body, even when no actual foreign object is present

photophobia

an abnormal sensitivity to light, where exposure to light (even normal indoor lighting) causes discomfort, pain, or squinting

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

a rare, life-threatening skin reaction in which the skin and mucous membranes blister and peel off

asthenia

abnormal physical weakness, lack of energy, or fatigue that is not relieved by rest

Cushing’s Syndrome

a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal