FOS-C Atoms & Periodic Table Section B

What is energy?

the ability to do work

What are some different types of energy?

kinetic, potential, mechanical, chemical, thermal, sound, electrical, light

Together kinetic and potential energy make…

mechanical energy

Energy can be _____ into different types.

transformed

What is potential energy?

energy an object holds due to its position

What is kinetic energy?

the energy an object has due to it being in motion

What is mass?

anything that takes up space and has mass

What is temperature?

the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance 

Energy ___ between solids, liquids, and gases.

increases

Valence electrons are involved in what?

chemical reactions

You can never have more than ____ valence electrons.

8

What indicates the relative size and energy of the various atomic orbitals? 

principle energy level (shell)

What is a dot diagram/lewis structure?

it’s similar to the Bohr model, but it includes the element symbol in the middle, no rings, and only shows the valence electrons. place the valence electrons one at a time on the 4 sides before starting to pair them together. If there are 2 valence electrons, place them on opposite ends of the symbol 

What is an ion?

an atom with a positive or negative charge

Positively charged atoms have ____ protons than electrons.

more 

Negatively charged atoms have ____ protons than electrons.

less

What are positive atoms called? What columns are they typically found in?

cation, columns 1-14

What are negative atoms called? What columns are they typically found in?

anion, columns 15-17

How do you find a charge of a atom?

charge = protons - electrons