#2: Telencephalon: Basal Ganglia and Basal Forebrain Nuclei

basal ganglia consists of these three parts

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

what is the name of the caudate and putamen together (and what relation do their neurons have)

striatum or corpus striatum

contain the same type of neurons

basal ganglia functions

integrate motor and sensory information

initiate voluntary movement

process information about cognition and emotions

name the three different types of afferent axons that project to the caudate-putamen

from all parts of cerebral cortex = corticostriate

from thalamus = thalamostriate

from substantia nigra = nigrostriate

Parkinson’s Disease involves a loss of cell bodies in the ___ ___ that use ___ for neurotransmission

substantia nigra

dopamine

describe the treatment for Parkinson’s

giving patients L-DOPA

crosses the blood brain barrier, converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase

describe the basal ganglia circuit

neurons in motor and somatosensory areas of cerebral cortex project to putamen

neurons in putamen project to globus pallidus, internal (GPi)

neurons in GPi project to ventral lateral thalamus (VL)

neurons in VL thalamus project back to motor areas of the cortex and facilitate cortical output

Huntington’s disease. causes degeneration of ___ neurons in the ___ and leads to ___ ___ ___.

GABAergic

caudate-putamen

severe motor disorders

where are the basal forebrain nuclei found and where do their axons project to

base of the brain

hippocampus and cerebral cortex

basal forebrain neurons play critical role in these things

learning and memory

sleep-wake cycle

Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive disease which invovles neuronal degeneration of ___ ___ ___ and neurons in the ___ lobe and ___

basal forebrain neurons

parietal lobe

hippocampus