Yr10 Science exam - chemistry and physics

what is the formula for average speed

s = d/t

what is Newton's first law?

An object in motion will remain in motion, and an object in rest will stay in rest unless acted upon by an external force

what is an example of newton's first law

A golf ball will remain stationary on a tee until acted upon by an external force, that external force being the putt.

formula for acceleration

average acceleration = Velocity2 - velocy1 / time2 - time1

what does it mean for an object to have a constant speed

there is no change in speed - the object is travelling at the same speed

what data should be used for a line graph

continuous data

what data should be used for a bar graph

discrete data

what is an independent variable/IV

the variable(s) that changes

what is a dependent variable/DV

the variable that is being measured

what is a controlled variable/CV

the variable that is being controlled

what is net force

The overall force on an object

what is air resistance

A force that resists an object's motion through air

what is friction

A force that resists an object's motion

what is motor force

what is an example of an equation for a composition reaction

2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

what is an example of a decomposition reaction

AB --> A + B

what is a double displacement chemical equation

what is a single displacement chemical equation

what is a decomposition chemical reaction

A single reactant breaks down into two or more products

what is a combustion chemical equation

what is the principle of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction

define precipitation reaction

a reaction that occurs between substances in solution in which one of the products is insoluble

when a metal reacts with a non mental, the substance formed is

an ionic compound

isotopes of an element contain

what type of reaction occurs when hydrocarbons burn in a supply of oxygen?

What is a coefficient?

how to balance chemical equations

ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both the reactant and product sides of the equation, following the law of conservation of mass. you do this by adjusting coefficients

What is a synthesis reaction?

occurs when two or more reactant combine to form a single product

what is instantaneous speed

the speed of an object at a particular point in time

what is average speed

The overall rate of speed at which an object moves

what is the formula for time

t = d/s

what is the formula for distance

d = s x t

what is displacement

the change in position of an object

What is velocity?

Speed in a given direction

what is average velocity

average velocity = displacement / time

why is velocity considered a vector

because it requires both a magnitude (speed) and a direction to be completely defined

what is a vector quantity

a quantity that has both magnitude and direction

what is a scalar quantity

Size or magnitude only

what is newton's second law

force = mass x acceleration

what is newton's third law

For every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction

what is an example of newton's second law

pushing a shopping cart: a lighter cart will accelerate more quickly with the same push than a heavier, full cart

what is an example of newton's third law

A swimmer pushes off the wall (applying a force to the wall) and the wall exerts an equal force on the swimmer

what does a velocity time graph show

how velocity changes over time

what type of charge does a metal have

positive charge (cation)

how to calculate acceleration

acceleration = final velocity - initial velocity / time

what is the collision theory

For a reaction to occur, the particles must collide with the appropriate orientation as well as with sufficient energy and direction.

what is kinematics

the study of motion points, objects and groups without considering causes of its motions

define force

a push or pull

define gravity

the force of attraction between two objects

define applied force

A type of force exerted by a person, animal or machine

define friction

A force that resists an object's motion

define tension

A force that pulls inward when a solid object is stretched

what are the different types of forces

gravity, applie force, friction, tension

what are six effects that forces can have on an object

what is a force arrow used for

what is the unit of measurement for forces

N/Newtons

what is a balanced force

A force with an equal and opposite force acting on the same object

what is an unbalanced force

A force without an equal and opposite force acting on the same object

how is a resultant/net force calcualted

Force = mass x acceleration

is a resultant and net force the same thing

yes

define mass

the amount of matter in an object

define weight

The force of gravity on an object

what is the difference between mass and weight

mass is the amount of matter in an object, weight is the measure of the pull of gravity on an object

what are the types of friction

air resistance, drag

define air resistance

A force that resists an object's motion through air

define drag

what is the effect that friction has on the motion of an object

how can an object's friction be reduced

define distance

how far an object has travelled

define displacement

the change in position of an object

define average speed

s (average) = total distance/total time

define instantaneous speed

the speed of an object at one instant of time

define velocity

Speed in a given direction

define vector quantity

a quantity that has both magnitude and direction

define scalar quantity

Size or magnitude only

formula for distance

distance = speed x time

d = s x t

formula for time

time = distance/speed

t = d/s

formula for velocity

velocity = displacement / time

how does a distance time graph work/what does it show

how does a displacement time graph work/what does it show

represents how an object's position changes over time

how does a speed time graph work

shows how the speed of an object has changed overtime

how does a speed time graph show an individuals motion/acceleration

the line's slope shows the objects acceleration

what is the law of conservation of mass

The amount of stuff you start with is the same amount as of what you ended with therefore no matter is created not destroyed

what are signs of a chemical reaction

a change in colour, the formation of a gas or precipitate, a change in temperature, and the release or absorption of light

how does temperature affect the rate of reaction in relation to the collision theory?

The higher the temperature the faster the rate of the reaction. In this case particles have more energy and therefore are more likely to collide into one another

how does surface area affect the rate of reaction in relation to the collision theory?

A larger surface area results to a greater number of collisions. Here particles are more exposed to one another which results to more chances for them to collide.

how does concentration affect the rate of reaction in relation to the collision theory?

The higher the concetration of a dissolved reactant, the faster the rate of reaction . At a higher concentration where there are more particles in the same amount of space

what are some different types of chemical reactions

composition, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement

what is composition

The combination of two or more reactants to form a single product

what is decomposition

A single reactant breaks down into two or more products

what is single displacement reaction

A reaction in which one element is substituted for another in a compound

what is double displacement

what is precipitation reaction

a reaction that occurs between substances in solution in which one of the products is insoluble

how do you formulate a hypothesis

- express as a statement

- could begin with, "It is hypothesized that.."

how to design an experiment's method

write a step by step method of how to complete the experiment, ensure to include safety and ethical considerations, make it repeatable

why is a controlled variable important in an experiment

Ensures the test results are fair and reliable

what is reliability

The extent to which a measure produces results that are consistent, dependable and stable

what is the importance of using repeated trials to improve reliability

reduces impact of random errors, more consistent and trustworthy data, better conclusions

define precision

Set of measurement results with very similar or same values. No indication of how close measurements are to the true value.

define accuracy (results)

Relates to how close it is to the 'true' value of the quantity being measured. Not quantifiable; measurement values may be described as being more or less accurate.