AP World History Chapter 23 Vocabulary Flashcards

100 vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from AP World History Chapter 23.

Conscription

Obligatory military service established as a regular practice in western countries (except the U.S. and Great Britain) by 1914.

Rivalry

Competition between Austria-Hungary and Russia leading to WW1.

Assassination of Francis Ferdinand

Event that triggered WW1; the Austrian archduke and his wife were murdered.

Black Hand

A Serbian terrorist organization involved in the assassination of Francis Ferdinand.

Ultimatum

A final demand or statement of terms issued by Austria to Serbia before declaring war.

Tsar Nicholas II

Ordered partial mobilization of the Russian army on July 28, 1914.

Schlieffen Plan

Germany's military strategy for a two-front war against France and Russia.

Trench Warfare

Style of fighting characterized by soldiers fighting from deep trenches, leading to stalemate.

No Man's Land

The land between opposing trenches in trench warfare.

Poison Gas

A deadly weapon introduced in 1915 that made trench warfare even more dangerous.

T.E. Lawrence

A British officer known for inciting Arab revolts against Ottoman rule.

Total War

A conflict where the involved countries mobilize all resources and people, affecting civilian life.

Defense of the Realm Act

British legislation that allowed authorities to arrest dissenters as traitors during WW1.

Civil Liberties

Natural rights that were suppressed during WW1, including news censorship.

Krupp Armaments

An industrial company in Germany where 38% of the workforce during WW1 were women.

Tsarina Alexandra

The wife of Tsar Nicholas II, heavily influenced by Rasputin.

Rasputin

A mysterious figure who advised Tsarina Alexandra and was eventually assassinated.

International Women's Day

March 8th; significant strikes occurred in Russia in 1917.

Provisional Government

Established in Russia after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, led by the Duma.

Soviets

Councils of workers and soldiers that formed after the Russian Revolution.

Bolsheviks

Radical Marxist faction that seized power in Russia, later renamed communists.

Peace, Land, and Bread

One of the three slogans of the Bolsheviks advocating for an end to war and the redistribution of land.

Leon Trotsky

Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet and key Bolshevik leader during the revolution.

Council of Peoples Commissars

The new government set up by Lenin following the Bolshevik Revolution.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Agreement between Bolshevik Russia and Germany in which Russia ceded territories.

Red Army

The military force of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War.

White Army

Opponents of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War.

War Communism

Policy of nationalization and centralized control of the economy used by the Bolsheviks.

Cheka

The secret police established by the Bolsheviks to suppress opposition.

Bureaucratically Centralized State

The transformation of Russia under Bolshevik rule, characterized by centralized administrative control.

Battle of Marne

A significant WW1 battle where Allied forces halted a German offensive.

The Lost Generation

Veterans who were traumatized by the war and later supported extremist leaders.

Paris Peace Conference

Meeting of victorious allies to negotiate the end of WW1 and the terms of peace.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that officially ended WW1, imposing heavy reparations on Germany.

War Guilt Clause

Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles that blamed Germany for the war.

Mandates

Territories administered by other countries, such as France and Britain's control over parts of the Ottoman Empire.

Dawes Plan

A plan to ease reparations payments for Germany and stabilize its economy.

Weimar Republic

The democratic government in Germany from 1919 to 1933 faced numerous challenges.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

President of the U.S. who introduced the New Deal to counteract the Great Depression.

New Deal

A series of programs and reforms introduced by Roosevelt to address economic hardships.

Works Progress Administration

A government organization created to provide jobs during the Great Depression.

Social Security Act

U.S. legislation establishing pensions and unemployment insurance.

Great Depression

The severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted throughout the 1930s.

John Maynard Keynes

Economist who argued that increased government spending could help lift the economy.

Industrial Production

Encompasses manufacturing output that plummeted during the Great Depression.

Paul Von Hindenburg

President of Germany during the Weimar Republic, previously a WW1 general.

Credit-Anstalt

Vienna's prestigious bank that collapsed in 1931, worsening the Great Depression.

Czechoslovakia

One of the countries that emerged from the breakup of Austria-Hungary.

Yugoslavia

Country formed uniting Slavic nations after WW1.

Militarism

The belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military.

Reparations

Compensation imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles for damages caused during WW1.

League of Nations

An international organization founded in 1920 to promote peace post-WW1.

Friedrich Ebert

German leader who proclaimed a republic after the end of the monarchy.

Clemenceau

French Prime Minister who sought revenge against Germany after World War I.

Woodrow Wilson

U.S. President who proposed the League of Nations at the Paris Peace Conference.

Article 231

Clause in the Treaty of Versailles that assigned blame for WW1 to Germany.

Bolshevism

A political ideology based on the ideas of Lenin advocating for a workers' state.

Marxism

Political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, advocating for a classless society.

Rasputin's Influence

His role in the Russian royal family led to significant political discontent.

March Revolution

The uprising in Russia that led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.

Siberian Peasant

Rasputin's background, which influenced his perception and role in Russian society.

Censorship

Suppression of information and freedom of expression during war.

Women's Role in WW1

Women gained more job opportunities, although pay was still unequal.

Civilians in WW1

Total war strategies led to civilian involvement and impact.

Central Powers

Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

Allied Powers

Alliance of France, Britain, Russia, Italy, and later the U.S. during WW1.

Neutral Belgium

Country invaded by Germany which led to Britain declaring war.

Grand Offensive

Ludendorff's strategy intended to break stalemate in WW1.

Peasant Representation

Significant involvement of lower classes in the Bolsheviks' rise to power.

Russian Civil War

Conflict between the Red Army and White Army following the Bolshevik Revolution.

Western Front

The main theater of war during WW1 located in France and Belgium.

Generals' Miscalculations

Flaws in military strategies that prolonged the war and suffering.

Women's Suffrage

The movement for women's right to vote, gaining traction after WW1.

Psychological Impact of War

Long-lasting effects of trauma on soldiers and civilians post-WW1.

Economic Crisis

Significant downturn in nations' economies post-WW1 leading to the Great Depression.

International Relations

Dynamic of alliances and enmities that shaped global affairs during and post WW1.

Post-War Treaties

Agreements designed to reshape Europe and establish peace after WW1.

Resentment towards Germany

Feelings stemming from harsh penalties and reparations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.