Nitrates

Nitrates are used for the treatment and prophylaxis of __________.

angina pectoris.

The rapid-acting forms of nitrates include __________, __________, and __________ for treating an angina attack.

transmucosal tablets, translingual spray, sublingual tablets.

IV nitroglycerin is used for severe unstable angina attacks and to control blood pressure __________.

perioperatively.

A common adverse drug reaction of nitrates is __________.

severe headache.

Tolerance develops quickly to all forms of nitrates, leading to __________ effectiveness.

decreased.

When applying nitrate ointment, caregivers should avoid __________.

touching the ointment.

Clients should monitor their blood pressure and __________ when taking nitrates.

pulse.

For tachycardia in clients taking nitrates, a __________ or __________ may be prescribed.

beta blocker, calcium channel blocker.

Nitroglycerin is available in several forms including sublingual tablets, transdermal ointment, and __________.

IV form.

When using sublingual tablets for chest pain, if relief is not found in __________ minutes, the client should call 911.

5

The maximum number of sublingual sprays a client can take in a 15-minute period is __________.

3

Transdermal patches should be removed for __________ hours daily to prevent tolerance.

10–12

When tapering off long-acting forms of nitrates, it's important to prevent __________.

vasospasm.

One contraindication for nitrates is __________ or tolerance to nitroglycerin or isosorbide.

allergy.

Use of nitrates is contraindicated in severe anemia and __________.

pericardial tamponade.

Patients should report __________ or syncope to their provider while taking nitrates.

dizziness.

Clients are advised to take only as many sublingual tablets as __________.

needed.

Increased hypotension may occur when nitrates are used with other __________ medications.

antihypertensive.

Nitrates should not be taken with phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, such as __________, due to the risk of severe hypotension.

sildenafil.

Before using sublingual and transmucosal forms of nitrates, conditions that cause __________ should be considered.

dry mouth.

When taking nitrates, clients should move slowly from lying to sitting or __________ to prevent injury due to dizziness.

standing.

Topical ointment dosage is measured as the amount __________ from the tube.

squeezed.

For unrelieved headaches from nitrates, clients can take an __________ analgesic.

over-the-counter.

Careful monitoring of heart rate in clients taking nitrates is necessary to prevent __________.

tachycardia.