W2 strabismus latent and manifest

what does manifest strabismus/ tropia look like

both foveas are not simultaneously looking at the object

how many tropias/squints are there, name them

what can be used to determine if px have tropia

cover test, as sometimes skin can make px look like they have tropias when they dont

what are fake tropias

Patient appears to have strabismus but visual axes are actually aligned

5 things that can make it seem like a px has a tropia when they dont

use of corneal reflections to determine any tropias

what is pseudostrabismus

Pseudostrabismus, or a "false squint," is when a baby's or child's eyes look misaligned (crossed or turned out) due to facial features like a broad nasal bridge or epicanthal folds, but are actually straight and working together normally

method to measure pseudostrabismus in children

}Corneal reflections- hold pen-torch 30 cm for patient’s eyes and look to see if they are symmetrical

used when cover test cannot be used

what is cover test used for

Used to decide:

◦Pseudostrabsmus

◦latent (phoria)

◦manifest (tropia) deviation

the 2 types of cover tests and their functions

1.Cover/Uncover Test

◦Used as a test to detect manifest strabismus (tropias)

2.Alternating cover test

◦Best test to detect heterophorias as it fully dissociates (makes the deviation as large as possible)

what is eccentric fixation

when an eye, especially in cases of amblyopia (lazy eye) or macular disease, uses a spot on the retina other than the fovea (the center of sharp vision) to look at things

why do we use a line above the lowest va on the budgie stick for the cover test

accommodation makes a big difference to the deviation

how to control px fixation

constantly asking px questions to make sure they are focussed

what is the cover uncover test used for

check for manifest deviations or tropias

how to do cover uncover test

what is herings law of equal innervation

}When a muscle in one eye contracts a muscle in the opposite eye also contacts in order for both eyes to work together