Chapter 17 and 18 review

populist party

otherwise known as the peoples party, it was largely suppourted by farmers

grange farmers alliance/populist antagonists

angry farmers

second great awkening

protastant religious revivals during the early 19th century (1801-1850) it was characterized by passionate preaching by preachers like Charles grandson finney and an emphasis on personal salvation

monopolies

a single person/company has complete control over a whole industry which allows them to have complete control over prices. ex. U.S. steel coroporation - j.p. morgan, standard oil company - jhon d. rockafeller, carnegie steel - andrew carnegie

labor unions

national labor union - wanted to improve working conditions for all workers, great railroad strike

knights of labor - skilled and unskilled workers who wanted an 8-hour workday and for workers to own part of the workplace, haymarket square riot

American federation of labor (AFL) - wanted better working conditions, higher wages, and shortned work days for skilled workers, 1919 general steel strike

progressive beliefs

the government needs to intervene in some way to fix problems in society. ex. infaltion bc monopolies owned banks/railroads

populist belief in regulation

they wanted gov owned banks and railroads to stop monopolies from overcharging

sherman anti trust act

implemented by Theodore Roosevelt (trust buster) and it intended to prohibit trusts and monopiles, but it ended up being used to stop labor unions from interfering with commerce

imperialism affects

acquisition of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Philippians

impearlists vs anti-imperalists

impearlists think that god (manifest destiny) gave them the right to expand for the betterment of society. anti-impearlists didn’t like to force culture onto other races.

triangle shirtwaist fire

major factory fire in 1911 that killed 146 workers. it resulted in workplace reform such as increased wages, shortned work hours, mandatory fire drills, and mandatory sprinkler systems.

muckrakers

investigative journalists who aimed to expose corruption in big business. ex. upton sinclair

booker t. washington

“cast down your buckets” he believed the most immediate means for african americans to achieve equality was to focus on becoming economically self reliant

w.e.b. de bois

believed social change could only be accomplished through agitation and protest

NAACP

national association for the advancement of colored people, works to abolish segration + discrimination and to protect constitutional rights

plessy v furgerson

supreme court case that established separate but equal

boss tweed

politician who stole millions of dollars from NYC taxpayers through political corruption, head of tammany hill

social darwinism

survival of the richest

gospel of wealth

andrew carnage’s belief that the wealth people had the responsibility to spend their money for the greater good. ex. funding further education

social gospel

reform movement led by protestant ministers who used their religious power to better the poor’s living conditions

settlement houses

a social reform that provided support to poor people. ex. jane addoms founded hull house

dawes act

aimed to assimilate native americas by dividing communal tribal lands into individual plots

indian removal act

authorized the forced relocation of native tribes east of the mississippi river

3rd wave of immigration

immigrants from southern and eastern europe (catholic and jewish)

child labor laws

child labor act limited the working hours for children and forbid the interstate sale of goods produced by child labor, but it was overturned by the supreme court

women involment

women were denied of the right to vote and go to college, so they participated in suffrage movements, child labor movement, and temperance.

republican motherhood/1st great awakening

mothers taught their kids to be good responsible citizens who were active in politics which led to questioning of power and people feeling like they want god to fix their societies

cause of the market and transportation revolution

mostly caused by westward expansion and international trade

2nd wave of immigration

immigrants from ireland and germany (catholics)

dorthea dix

prison and asylum reformer

2nd great awakening

a religious revival that sparked a rise in church membership and personal faith

lincolon’s opposition to the mexican war

he believed that it was unnecessary and unconstitutional.he believed that we were only going to war to expand slavery

poll taxes

required voters to pay a fee in order to vote. this made it so only wealthy people could vote

literacy test

a tactic used to keep minorities from voting

jacksonian democrats

Jacksons suppourters (mostly yeoman farmers) he advocated for them

16th ammendment

let congress levy an income tax on on individuals

17th ammendment

changed the process of electing senators to popular vote

18th ammendment

prohibited the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of achol (later appealed)

pereservation

set aside land/resources for the future

conservation

used land/resources responsibility for industrialist purposes

spanish american war cause and effects

cause: cuba’s fight from independence from spain/a mysterious explosion of a US battleship

effect: US acquired puerto rico, guam, and the philippines. Spanish colonial rule in the americas ended. The US became a global superpower