BMH Exam 1 - Psychiatric Disorders Review

These flashcards cover key vocabularies and definitions related to psychiatric disorders, providing essential terms for quick review.

Depression

A mood disorder characterized by persistent sad, empty, or irritable mood that greatly impacts daily functioning.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Severe depressed mood without mania or hypomania, resulting in functional changes such as loss of appetite and sleep disturbances.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Chronic mild depression lasting more than 2 years in adults or more than 1 year in children.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Severe mood symptoms, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety occurring before menstruation.

Postpartum Depression

Depression that occurs during pregnancy or within 4 weeks after childbirth.

Substance-induced Depression

Depression that develops during or soon after substance use or withdrawal.

Anhedonia

Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once found enjoyable.

Suicidal Ideation

Thoughts or plans of self-harm or suicide.

SSRI

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor; a class of medications used to treat depression by increasing serotonin levels.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A type of psychotherapy that focuses on modifying negative thought patterns to improve emotional well-being.

Acute Mania

A phase of Bipolar Disorder characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and decreased need for sleep.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A life-threatening reaction to antipsychotic medications, characterized by muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, and autonomic instability.

Delirium

Acute, sudden confusion characterized by fluctuating attention and awareness, often reversible once the cause is treated.

Dementia

A progressive and irreversible decline in cognitive function, affecting memory, thinking, and daily functioning.

Seclusion

The placement of a client in a secure room alone to prevent harm to self or others.

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)

Movement disorders caused by antipsychotic medications, including symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and tardive dyskinesia.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A medical treatment where electrical currents are passed through the brain to induce a seizure, used in severe depression.

Psychosis

A mental health condition characterized by a disconnection from reality, often including hallucinations or delusions.

Bipolar I Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.

Bipolar II Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode, but no full manic episodes.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A mental health condition characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various life events, disproportionate to the actual likelihood or impact of the event.

Delusions

Fixed, false beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence, often a symptom of psychosis.

Hallucinations

Perceptions that seem real but are created by the mind, occurring without actual external stimuli, often a symptom of psychosis.

What is Depression?

A mood disorder characterized by a persistent sad, empty, or irritable mood that greatly impacts daily functioning.

What are the signs and symptoms of Depression?

Persistent sad, empty, or irritable mood; significant impairment in daily functioning.

What is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Severe depressed mood without mania or hypomania.

What are the signs and symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Severe depressed mood, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, and other functional changes.

What is Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?

Chronic mild depression.

What are the signs and symptoms of Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?

Chronic mild depression lasting more than 2 years in adults or more than 1 year in children.

What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?

A condition characterized by severe mood symptoms, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety occurring before menstruation.

What are the signs and symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?

Severe mood symptoms, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety, specifically occurring before menstruation.

What is Postpartum Depression?

Depression that occurs during pregnancy or within 4 weeks after childbirth.

What are the signs and symptoms of Postpartum Depression?

Depressive symptoms occurring during pregnancy or within 4 weeks after childbirth, similar to other depressive disorders.

What is Substance-induced Depression?

Depression that develops during or soon after substance use or withdrawal.

What is the etiology of Substance-induced Depression?

Directly caused by substance use or withdrawal.

What are the signs and symptoms of Substance-induced Depression?

Depressive symptoms that emerge during or soon after substance intake or withdrawal, directly attributable to the substance's physiological effects.

What is Anhedonia?

Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once found enjoyable.

What is Suicidal Ideation?

Thoughts or plans of self-harm or suicide.

What is an SSRI?

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor; a class of medications used to treat depression by increasing serotonin levels.

What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

A type of psychotherapy that focuses on modifying negative thought patterns to improve emotional well-being.

What is Acute Mania?

A phase of Bipolar Disorder characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and decreased need for sleep.

What are the signs and symptoms of Acute Mania?

Elevated mood, increased energy, and decreased need for sleep.

What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?

A life-threatening reaction to antipsychotic medications.

What is the etiology of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?

An adverse reaction to antipsychotic medications.

What are the signs and symptoms of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?

Muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, and autonomic instability.

What is Delirium?

Acute, sudden confusion characterized by fluctuating attention and awareness, often reversible once the cause is treated.

What is the etiology of Delirium?

Often caused by an underlying medical condition, reversible once the cause is treated.

What are the signs and symptoms of Delirium?

Acute, sudden confusion; fluctuating attention and awareness.

What is Dementia?

A progressive and irreversible decline in cognitive function.

What are the signs and symptoms of Dementia?

Progressive and irreversible decline in memory, thinking, and daily functioning.

What is Seclusion?

The placement of a client in a secure room alone to prevent harm to self or others.

What are Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)?

Movement disorders caused by antipsychotic medications.

What is the etiology of Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)?

Caused by antipsychotic medications.

What are the signs and symptoms of Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)?

Tremors, rigidity, and tardive dyskinesia.

What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?

A medical treatment where electrical currents are passed through the brain to induce a seizure, used in severe depression.

What is Psychosis?

A mental health condition characterized by a disconnection from reality.

What are the signs and symptoms of Psychosis?

Disconnection from reality, often including hallucinations or delusions.

What is Bipolar I Disorder?

A mood disorder characterized by at least one manic episode.

What are the signs and symptoms of Bipolar I Disorder?

At least one manic episode, which may involve elevated mood, increased energy, and decreased need for sleep. May be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.

What is Bipolar II Disorder?

A mood disorder characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode.

What are the signs and symptoms of Bipolar II Disorder?

At least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode, but no full manic episodes.

What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

A mental health condition characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various life events.

What are the signs and symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Persistent and excessive worry about various life events, disproportionate to the actual likelihood or impact.

What are Delusions?

Fixed, false beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence, often a symptom of psychosis.

What are Hallucinations?

Perceptions that seem real but are created by the mind, occurring without actual external stimuli, often a symptom of psychosis.