Chapter 7B - Osmosis Notes

Practice flashcards covering the concepts of osmosis, tonicity types (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic), their effects on plant and animal cells, and modes of cell transport.

Osmosis

The process of $H_2O$ moving from high to low concentration across a cell membrane.

Tonicity

A comparison of the amount of solute on opposite sides of a membrane used to figure out where water will move.

Solute Movement Rule

Water always moves toward areas of higher solute concentration.

Isotonic Solution

A solution with the same solute concentration ("same strength") as the cells it contains, where water moves equally in and out.

Hypotonic Solution

A "below strength" solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than the cell inside it, causing water to move into the cell ("hypo in you go").

Hypertonic Solution

An "above strength" solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell inside it, causing water to move out of the cell.

Cytolysis

The result when an animal cell swells and bursts from pressure while in a hypotonic solution.

Turgid

The state of a plant cell in a hypotonic solution where water creates pressure on cell walls and the plant becomes rigid.

Crenation

The process where animal cells dehydrate and shrink their cytoplasm in a hypertonic solution.

Plasmolysis

The process where plant cells dehydrate and wilt in a hypertonic solution.

Flaccid

The state of a plant cell in an isotonic solution where it wilts slightly.

Passive Transport

A category of cell transport that includes osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion, moving substances from high to low concentration without energy.

Facilitated Diffusion

A type of passive transport where a particle in an area of high concentration diffuses through a protein.

Active Transport

Cell transport that requires energy to move particles, including protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis.

Protein Pump

A type of active transport where energy from $ATP$ is used to move a particle through a protein against the direction of diffusion.

Endocytosis

A type of active transport where substances are moved into the cell using a vesicle.

Exocytosis

A type of active transport where a secretory vesicle moves a product to the plasma membrane to be released outside the cell.