Imperialism Unit Test Study Guide

Hey Baddies

What were the motives to colonize Africa?

• Access to the Suez Canal

• raw materials

• farmland

• coastal ports

• Nile river access

• minerals

• highlands

Who was Cecil Rhodes?

Cecil Rhodes was a British Imperialist in the 1800s.

Diamond miner in the 1800s.

Prime minister of Cape Colony (Africa)

Gave a house in South Africa to Rudyard Kipling

Who was Rudyard Kipling?

British Author who wrote “White Man’s Burden,” “If” and “The Jungle Book”

What was “The White Man’s Burden”

claimed white people had the duty to “civilize” non-white people, justifying colonial conquest

Who was Dabahai Naorji?

Helped found Indian National Congress

First Asian elected to British Parliament

Anti--Imperialist

What is Nationalism?

National Pride- fueled territorial ambitions

European Powers completed for global territories

EX: Scramble for African Territories and Colonial prestige competitions

What were economic motivations (related to imperialism)

Resource extraction = primary goal

Seeking new markets

EX; Britsh East India Company and Belgian Congo Exploitation

What was power projection (related to imperialism)

Strategic territorial control

Naval and Military advantages

Global influence + geopolitical power

What was spread of beliefs as a reason for imperialism?

Religious missionary work

Cultural “civilizing”

Cultural superiority

“The White Man’s Burden”

How did scientific/technological developments relate to imperialism?

Advances in transportation (steamships, railways)

Communication technology

Medical and Mapping Innovations

Can now safely + quickly travel to new places

Who was Suleiman The Magnificent?

Expanded the Ottoman Empire as Sultan

Ruled the peak of the empire

Who was Osman 1?

Founded the Ottoman Empire in Antolia

Who was Mehmed the conquerer?

Captures Constantinople (1453)

Transforms city into capital

Ends Byzantine Empire

What was Constaniople?

Was the capital of the Byzantine empire before becoming the capital of the Ottoman Empire

What were the Tanzimat Reforms in the Ottoman Empire?

Moving from Islamic to Western Laws

1839- Right to life and property to all

Modernized Military

What was the Millet System?

Religious tolerance (In the Ottoman Empire)

What were the 4 key reasons of decline for the Ottoman Empire?

1. Economic Stagnation (Bad economy)

2. Military Technological gaps (not as advanced as other militaries)

3. European pressures to become imperalized

4. Internal political problems

What was Islam?

Primary religion of the Ottomans

Who was Kangxi?

Took over Qing Dynasty at 8yo after his father dies

Rules for 61 years

What did Kangxi do over his rule of the Qing Dynasty?

First Half: Focused on stability

Gained support/control over Manchu people

Suppressed Armed Rebellions

Toured his entire region, securing Manchu Rule

Who was Qianlong?

Grandson of Kangxi

Continues to expand and brings Qing Empire to its highest

How did Qianlong bring the Qing Dynasty to its highest?

More money through foreign trade

More rice production

Unfortunately influenced by corrupt officials

What were the Opium Wars started by?

Chinese just wanted Silver. The British and French start losing their silver, so they trade something else the Chinese will “need”— Opium.

How did the Opium Wars go?

1. Chinese get addicted to Opium.

2. Qing vs England results in England winning (England is strong and industrialized, and Qing isn’t')

3. Ends with Treaty of Nanking

What was the Taiping Rebellion?

Peasants of Qing Dynasty want equal land, resources, etc

Qing were aided by British and French to put down rebellion

Why was the first Sino-Japanese War important for the Qing?

China and Japan both want Korea and agree neither will have it

China aids Korea in uprising and Japan hears about it

IMPORTANT FOR QING DYNASTY BECAUSE: Japan was more modern and because of that becomes known as powerful, so shows how lack of modernization affects Qing

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

When people from Qing empire wanted to get forgeigners out of China

“The righteous and harmonious fists”

used martial arts, not weapons

Qing secretly supported the boxers, but the foreigners won

What were the 2 main causes of collapse of the Qing Dynasty?

1. Political Corruption (Leaders Wealthy, everyone else poor)

2. Corrupt leaders (Dowager Empress ignored problems)

What were the 4 motives of expansion of the Russian Empire?

1. Fur trade and resources

2. Warm water ports

3. Buffer zone

4. Spread of Orthodox Christianity

What was a Tsar/Czar?

Ruler of Russian Empire

What was Russification?

Imposing Russian ideas on Non Russians

What were Serfs?

Peasents of Russian Empire?

Who was the last Tsar/Czar of the Russian Empire?

Nicolas the 2nd (Executed)

What were the 4 events that led to the collapse of the Russian Empire?

1. Bloody Sunday (Russians protest → get killed)

2. Russo-Japanese War (Japan power goes up, Russia goes down)

3. WW1 (Final end)

4. Ends with Russian Revolution (Russians fed up and don’t wanna fight with the Czar)

Who was Napolean?

‘Hero of Democracy” that becomes emporer

When Napolean went to war over Europe, which Coalitions did he defeat?

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th (with some defeats), falls apart at 6th

How did things turn bad after the 6th Coalition for Napolean?

• Changing Alliances

• Battle of Lezpig

• Paris Falls and King Louis XVI’s brother becomes monarch

What were the 4 impacts of the Napoleanic Wars for the French?

1. Spreading of enlightenment ideas (Hypocrite)

2. Ended feudalism

3. Legal reform

4. sparked nationalism

What were the 4 impacts of the Napoleonic Wars on the colonies?

1. Tried to restore slavery

2. Repressed Indigenous people

3. Exploited resources

4. Triggered resistance (Haiti)

What were the 5 causes of collapse of the French Empire?

1. War

2. Nationalism in colonies (Spain)

3. Internal unhappiness

4. Failed invasion of Russia

5. Over-extension- too much territory, too little military/resources

What brought the British to India?

1. India’s raw materials (tea, coffee, cotton)

2. Markets to sell at (Indias large population)

Why was India known as the “Crown Jewel”?

it was the most valuable colony

What was the “East India Company”?

ruled with little interference from British gov

Own army called Sepoys

How did India benefit from the British?

• Schools

• Ended local wars

• Sanitation and health

• infrastructure

• more modernized

What was the Sepoy Rebellion?

Sepoys found out that the gun cartridges were filled with pork and beef

(Muslims can’t eat pork and Hindus believe cows are sacred)

Sepoys jailed for refusing to use guns

Who was Mohandas Gandhi?

Led British independence movement peacefully

Why did the British Empire collapse?

economic problems from WW1 and anti-colonial movements

What was the Berlin Conferene?

people did not think of the people already living there, they just tried to use “first come first serve” as an excuse to take as much land as possible, completely ignoring cultural and opinion based differences.

(We simulated it)

Who was King Leopold II?

He became King of Belgium because his dad died

Horrible use of power

• after the resources of ivory, labour, and rubber. 

What was impact of European made borders on Ethnic groups?

Forced their culture on people, so they lost their own

Ethnic groups were shoved together

How did contests over Africa cause conflict between European nations?

fought over who got what land (they all wanted different land for different resources)

What was “From Cairo to Cape” in African colonization?

Britain aimed to control a stretch of territory from Cairo in Egypt to Cape Town in South Africa

called the “Cape to Cairo” dream

so they could dominate trade, build railways, and secure strategic military routes

What was one of the goals for colonization of Africa?

carry out French culture, language, and institutions beyond Europe