final chapter 4 lectures 6-7

tissues

are groups of specialized cells and extracellular substances surrounding them

extracellular matrix ECM

large network of proteins and other molecules that surround, support and give structure to cells and tissues in the body

CELLS + ECM

tissue sum

four primary tissue types

connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial

connective tissue functions

• enclosing and seperating other tissues

• connecting tissues to one another

• supporting and moving the body

• storing compounds

• cushioning and insulating

• transportation

• protection

1st degree burns

only penetrates to epidermis a little cause pain,redness, and swelling

2nd degree burns

pass and destroy basement membrane reaching dermis. Cause pain, redness, swelling, and blistering

3rd degree burns

pass and destroy adipose barrier reach deep area.
can cause sepsis, edema, organ failure, arrythmia, hypovolemic shock, and death

stage 0 melanoma

melanoma confined to the epidermal region of the skin
greater than 99% survival rate

stage 1 melanoma

localised disease only in skin, very thin
about 99% survival rate

stage 2 melanoma

localised disease thicker than stage 1
about 98% survival rate

stage 3 melanoma

spread to lymph nodes
about 64% survival rate

stage 4 melanoma

spread to other organs
about 23% survival rate

cardial signs of inflammation

1. heat

2. redness

3. swelling

4. pain

5. loss of function

heat

due to vasodilation

redness

due to vasodilation

swelling

accumulation of fluid and cells

pain

due to stimulation of sensory neurons (noiceptors)

loss of function

due to tissue damage

first stage of inflammatory response

Tissue injury causes the release of chemicals mediators of inflammnation(histamines)

second stage of inflammatory response

Capillaries dilate and become leaky. This increases blood flow and clotting factors and can diffuse into tissue

third stage of inflammatory response

immune cells, water, and proteins, migrate into injury site causing tissues to swell (edema)

fourth stage of inflammatory response

phagocytic cells(macrophages) consume pathogens and debris