Module 2: Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis

sex and aggression

What are the twin cornerstones of psychoanalysis by Freud?

Conscious, Preconscious, unconscious

What are the level of awareness?

“Das es” - the it

What is the Latin word of ID?

preconscious

 elements that are not conscious but can readily be brought to mind when needed.

conscious

mental elements in awareness

unconscious

drives, urges, and instincts that are beyond our awareness; concept of phylogenetic endowment or inherited unconscious images.

EGO

• Only region of the mind that is in contact with reality.

• Governed by the ‘reality principle’.

• Known as the executive branch of the personality.

ID

• Exists completely on the unconscious level.

• Operates by the ‘pleasure principle’.

 “Das Ich” - I

Latin word of Ego

SUPEREGO

• Guided by moral and idealistic principles.

• No contact with the outside world and has unrealistic demands for perfection.

• Idealistic, not realistic.

• Develops primarily from internalized patterns of rewards and punishment.

“Das Uber Ich”- Over-I

Latin word of Superego

1. Conscience

2. Ego-ideal

What are the 2 subsystems of the superego?

seek pleasure and reduce tension and anxiety

To Freud, people are motivated to?

conscience

results from experiences with punishments; tells us what we should not do.

ego-ideal

develops from experiences with rewards; tells us what we should do.

Trieb

What was the German word that used by Freud, which means ‘a drive or stimulus within a person’?

instinct

Freud’s official translators rendered the term ‘Trieb’ as?

1. Eros/sex

2. Thanatos/aggression

What are the two types of instincts?

sex

The aim of sexual drive is pleasure but is not limited to genital satisfaction; erogenous zones.

eros/sex

life instincts; libido - energy associated with all life instincts

thanatos/aggression

death instincts

1. Impetus

2. Source

3. Aim

4. Object

4 components of instincts

narcissism, love, sadism, and masochism

Sex can take many forms including:

source

where the need arises, a deficiency of some kind.

object

experiences, objects, or actions that reduce body deficiency and allows satisfaction.

aim

to seek pleasure and reduce the need or tension

impetus

amount of energy used to satisfy the impulse

Aggression

• The aim of destructive drive is to return the organism to an inorganic state, death.

• Can take into several forms such as gossip, humiliation, enjoyment of people’s sufferings. It serves as an explanation for wars and religious persecutions.

self-destruction

the final aim of the aggressive drive is?

Love

It develops people invest their libido on an object or person other than themselves

Primary Narcissism

Infants are primarily self-centered, with their libido invested almost exclusively on their own ego

Masochism

Experience sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves or others

Secondary Narcissism

Moderate degree of self love of commonly early everyone

Sadism

Need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person

to explain the driving forces behind people’s actions

Why Freud postulated a dynamic, or motivational principle?

his experiences with patients/parents, his analysis of his own dreams, and his vast readings in the various sciences and humanities.

Freud’s understanding of human personality was based on his?

Jean Martin Charcot

From whom did Freud learn the hypnotic technique for treating hysteria?

Josef Breuer

From whom did Freud learn the catharsis?

hysteria

 a disorder typically characterized by paralysis or improper functioning of certain body parts in the body.

catharsis

the process of removing hysterical symptoms through ‘talking them out’.

self-doubts, depression, and obsession with his own death

At midlife, Freud has suffered from?

Interpretation of Dreams, Studies on Hysteria, Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, etc.

Freud famous work includes:

International Psychoanalytic Association

What Freud founded with Carl Jung?