French Wars of Religion

Emperor Charles V

-HRE, Spain, most of Italy, Netherlands

-Habsburg Valois Wars, over italian territories

-Sack of Rome bc Pope switched sides

- Chuck Five vs. German Princes

Philip II

King of Spain 1556-1598

-married Bloody Mary then Liz(valois), then tried Liz(england)

- took over Netherlands

-Catholicism as only religion

-sent Spanish Armada to England

--sent Duke Alva > council of troubles or blood

Super Catholic-not at all a Politique

Ferdinand I

-Charles V brother

- Hungary, Austria, Bohemia

Francis I

-signed Concordant of Bologna due to kidnapping of HRE

-began Protestant persecution in France

Henry II

-strong Catholic, defended it

-Valois

Died at daughters wedding 1559

Francis II

-married Mary Queen Of Scotts

-ruled Scot and France

-Eldest son of Henry II and Catherine de Medici of France

Henry III

-3rd teenage king

-last Valois monarch

Catherine de' Medici

-ruled as regent and for her sons

-wife of Henry II

-wanted religous and civil peace

-married Henry IV to Margaret to bring peace

-ordered St. Bartholomew Day Massacre

Concordat of Bologna 1516

-involved Conciliarist movement

-French had authority in Catholic church but had to recognize Pope's authority

-between Francis I and Pope Leo

-Because of it French Monarchy would remain Catholic

Hugenots

-French Calvinists

Henry of Navarre

Admiral de Coligny

Charles IX

Second son of Henry II of France

-Catherine ordered Saint Bar. Massacre bc thought Coligny influencing him

-French King at the time of the St. Bartholomew Day Massacre

St. Bartholomew's Day Massaacre

-August 24th, 1572

-ordered by Catherine de' Medici

-Catholic mobs killed Protestants

-kills Admiral Coligny

-Henry of Navarre avoids death by promising to become Roman Catholic

Eventually led to a Bourbon Monarchy

Henry of Navarre

-politique

- issued Edict of Nantes, allowed Hugenots

-1st bourbon king of France

Margaret of Valois

-married Protestant Henry of Navarre

-lover was Henry of Guise

-Her wedding was associated with the St. Bartholomew Day Massacre

Admiral De Coligny

-Protestant Hugenot leader

- Catherine assassinated him at St. Bar. Massacre

Henry of Guise

-Catholic, lover of Margeret Valois

-led St. Bar. Massacre

-used by Catherine to balance Prot. and Cath.

Politiques

-emphasize politics over religion

-No Church Doctrine worth permanent war

-Henry of Navarre

Elizabeth I of England

"Paris is worth a mass"

1589-following War of the three Henry's

-Henry becomes King as Huguenot, converts to RCC to rule France

-Henry of Navarre switched to Cath.

He is supposed to have said this

Edict of Nantes-1598

-Henry IV promise Prot. citizenship

-right to be Huguenots

-right to fortify towns

-established religious tolerance under the Bourbon Monarch Henry IV

17 Provinces of Netherlands

Low Countries

North-east of France, North-west part of the HRE

Duke of Alva

-sent by Philip II to stop rebellion in 1566

-council of troubles/ blood

Council of Troubles

-reign of terror towards rebellion

-condemned thousands

aka Council of blood

led by the Duke of Alva

Destruction of the 400 churches

-Protestants desecrated 400 Cath churches in retaliation to Philip II not promising to NOT send the Spanish inquisition to the Netherlands

Prince William of Orange "the silent"

-leader of union of utrecht

7 northern provinces

Union of Utrecht

-7 northern provinces and Holland declared independence of Spain

Opposed the 10 southern provinces which formed the Union of Arras

Mary Queen of Scotts

-Ppl wanted to kill QEI to get her on throne

-Queen of France and Scotland, but was Catholic Queen of Prot. Scotland.

-Abdicated throne to James VI, who ruled England and Scotland

-Executed for Babbington Plot( attempt on Elizabeth's I life)

Spanish Armada

-1588 set sail for England

-"Protestant wind"; Spain decline (started worldwide travel); England & France incline (finished conquest/travel)

-Spanish hope to defeat the Netherlands by invading England.

Peace of Augsburg-1555

-Holy Roman Empire allowed German princes to choose religion in their territory

Cuius Regio, eius religio

Francis I, Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III

Put the Valois Kings from this unit in order

Pacification of Ghent 1576

Signed on 8 November 1576, was an alliance of the provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands for the purpose of driving mutinying Spanish mercenary troops from the country and promoting a peace treaty with the rebelling provinces of Holland and Zeeland.

Spanish Fury 1576

On 4 November 1576, mutinying Spanish mercenaries began the sack of Antwerp, leading to three days of horror among the population of the city, which was the cultural, economic and financial center of the Netherlands. The savagery of the sack led the provinces of the Low Countries to unite against the Spanish crown. The devastation also caused Antwerp's decline as the leading city in the region and paved the way for Amsterdam's rise.

Treaty of Nonsuch 1585

This was signed in August 1585. The treaty finally led to England providing the Dutch rebels in the Netherlands with a small military force that would aid the rebels in their fight against Spain.

Execution of Mary QOS-1587

February 8, 1587

Led Philip to send the Armada against Spain

She was next in line to the throne of England behind QEI

Image of St. Bartholomew Day Massacre 1572

Trey of Cateau-Cambresis-1559

(April 3, 1559), agreement marking the end of the 65-year (1494-1559) struggle between France (Valois) and Spain (Habsburg) for the control of Italy, leaving Habsburg Spain the dominant power there for the next 150 years.

-Led to the Wedding of Philip II of Spain and Elizabeth Valois

-also led to the death of Henry II

Abdicate

Definition: (of a monarch) renounce one's throne.

Henry of Navarre

King of Navarre

leader of the Huguenots

Later became King of France

First Bourbon King

Would issue the Edict of Nantes

Henry Duke de Guise (Guise Family)

Leader of the Ultra Catholic party in France

opposed the French Huguenots

used by Catherine de Medici to balance power of the Huguenots

Queen Elizabeth I

In 1570 Pope Pius V issued a bull "Regnant in Excelsis" (a papal document) against __________________________________, that excommunicated her and freed all her subjects from allegiance to her and her laws. This was a drastic step, and one that was not approved of by Philip II of Spain, or some English Catholics, who knew that this would make things difficult for Catholics in England. Excommunication was a great disgrace to Catholics. An excommunicated person was not to be dealt with, as it was believed that they were unchristian and would go to hell.

illegitimate

according to the Catholic Church, Queen Elizabeth I was an ____________________________________ child of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

Edict

an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority.

Battle of Lepanto 1571

The Spanish defeated the Ottoman Empire at this battle off of the coast of Greece in 1571.

Huguenot

French Calvinist (follower of the reformed religion)

Spain, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Milan, Franche-Comte, 17 provinces of the Netherlands

Territories given to Philip II after his father, Charles the V abdicated his titles.

Hungary, Austria, Bohemia

Territories given to Ferdinand I after his brother, Charles V abdicated his titles.