Intro to Global Health Chapter 3

SES (socioeconomic status)

Also called SEP (Socioeconomic Position), describes an individuals standing in society based on characteristics within the broader concepts of an environment

Social Determinants of Health

Personal factors and community conditions that enable or hinder access to health

Reduced health status in populations with lower SES

A function of economic, social, and political environments and is NOT caused by innate biological differences

Health Disparity/ Inequality

Avoidable difference in health status between population groups

Inequity

Health inequalities considered to be unfair and unjust

Social Justice

Equality in distribution of income and wealth, opportunities for education and employment, access to health and security and involvement in civic and political activities

What is one of the key goals of Global Public Health?

Reduce health disparities by increasing health status of disadvantaged populations

Human Development Index (HDI)

Estimate of national development calculated from composite data of longevity, knowledge, and income

What do the objective measures of socioeconomic development in a country usually align with?

Subjective measures of quality reported by the country's residents

Extreme Poverty

Surviving on less income than an international poverty line (set at less than $1 -$2 dollars per person per day

Rural Poor

Often live in remote rural areas where they grow as subsistence farmers with a small plot of land to feed household members

Urban Poor

Often live in informal settlements that have no trash removal, running water, electricity, or other utilities

Relative Poverty

Living on less than the defined poverty line in their own countries

Gini Index

Measures of the inequality in the distribution of incomes within a particular country

What is the Gini Index value not a good predictor of?

Income level of a country

Health Literacy

The ability to access, understand, and apply health information

Gender Development Index (GDI)

Compares the values of the HDI for men and women

Gender

The socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female and is shaped by the environment and experience in addition to biology

What are 3 components that contribute to the SES of an individual or household?

-employment and occupational category

-economic security

-education level

How does culture play a role in how health and disease are experienced across a lifespan?

-influences health benefits

-affects health behaviors

-shape decisions about when and where to seek healthcare services