Distribution of global large scale ecosystems

Tundra

A biome found in polar regions and high mountainous areas, characterized by cold temperatures (−30°C to 10°C) and limited vegetation.

Coniferous Forest

Located in northern latitudes (between 50° N and 66.5° N), dominated by conifer trees in cold climates (−40°C to 20°C). Notable examples include boreal forests.

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Common in mid-latitude regions (30° N to 50° N) with four distinct seasons (−30°C to 30°C), characterized by trees that shed their leaves annually.

Temperate Grassland

Found in areas (30° N to 50° N), known for rich soil and few trees, experiencing temperatures from −40°C to 38°C.

Mediterranean

Located in regions (30° N to 45° N) with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters (average 10°C to 30°C).

Desert

Covering about one-fifth of Earth's surface, deserts can be hot (like the Sahara, up to 50°C) or cold (like the Gobi, below −40°C).

Tropical Rainforest

Found near the equator (0° to 10° N/S), characterized by high rainfall, biodiversity, and average temperatures of 20°C to 30°C.

Tropical Grassland

Also known as savannas, located between 10° N and 20° N/S, these warm ecosystems (20°C to 30°C) experience seasonal rainfall.

Other Biomes

Additional ecosystems including wetlands, coral reefs, and alpine regions, each with distinct characteristics and distributions.