AP Bio Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/58

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

59 Terms

1
New cards

undernourishment

a diet that is chronically deficient in calories

2
New cards

substrate feeders

An organism that lives in or on its food source, eating its way through the food

3
New cards

deposit feeders

Detritivores, also known as detritus feeders or saprophages, are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing organic matter)

4
New cards

enzymatic hydrolysis

The process in digestion that splits macromolecules from food by the enzymatic addition of water.

5
New cards

intracellular digestion

the breakdown of nutrients within a cell

6
New cards

peristalis

the rhythmic contractions of muscles causing wavelike motions that move food down the GI tract

7
New cards

pancreas

triangular organ behind stomach that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid

8
New cards

salivary glands

three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva; the parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), and sublingual glands

9
New cards

gallbladder

the organ that stores bile after it is produced by the liver

10
New cards

salivary amylase

an enzyme that hydrolyzes starch and glycogen

11
New cards

pharynx

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

12
New cards

epiglottis

a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing

13
New cards

esophagus

a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

14
New cards

pepsinogen

precursor of pepsin

15
New cards

acid chyme

the result of the gastric juices and the food mixing into a nutrient broth

16
New cards

pyloric sphincter

the sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum

17
New cards

small intestine

the longest part of the alimentary canal

18
New cards

duodenum

the first part of the small intestine; between the stomach and the jejunum

19
New cards

jejunum

middle portion of small intestine where chemical digestion ends and absorption begins

20
New cards

liver

organ that makes bile to break down fats; also filters poisons and drugs out of the blood

21
New cards

bile

a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

22
New cards

trypsin

an enzyme in pancreatic juice that breaks down large polypeptides

23
New cards

dipeptidases

enzyme in small intestine that split small peptides

24
New cards

carboxypeptidase

Released by the pancreas into the small intestine, this enzyme hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at the carboxyl end.

25
New cards

aminopeptidase

Enzyme in small intestine that splits off one amino acid at a time from a polypeptide from the amine end.

26
New cards

enteropeptidase

Enzyme in small intestine that directly or indirectly triggers activation of intestinal lumen enzymes

27
New cards

emulsification

The term for when bile salts from the

28
New cards

gallbladder secreted into the

29
New cards

duodenum coat tiny fat droplets

30
New cards

and keep them from coalescing

31
New cards

lacteal

The small vessel of the lymphatic

32
New cards

system that penetrates the

33
New cards

core of each villus of the

34
New cards

small intestine

35
New cards
36
New cards

(absorbs digested fat)

37
New cards

lipase

enzyme that hydrolyzes fat molecules

38
New cards

villi

Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed

39
New cards

chylomicrons

fat droplets covered in protein that diffuse into capillaries in small intestine

40
New cards

hepatic portal vessel

capillaries and veins that drain the nutrients away from the villi form the_ a blood vessel that goes to the liver

41
New cards

gastrin

polypeptide hormone secreted by the mucous lining of the stomach

42
New cards

enterogastrones

hormones excreted by the duodenum wall that include secretin and cholecytokinin (CCK); signal buffering of chyme by the pancreas w/release of bicarbonate

43
New cards

secretin

A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g., from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.

44
New cards

large intestine

colon; organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it

45
New cards

cecum

a pouch connected to the ascending colon of the large intestine and the ileum.

46
New cards

*1st part of large intestine

47
New cards

appendix

A small, fingerlike extension of the vertebrate cecum; contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity.

48
New cards

ruminant

any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments

49
New cards

stomach

large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

50
New cards

A

A deficiency in this vitamin can

51
New cards

cause blindness

52
New cards

E

A deficiency in this vitamin effects

53
New cards

blood clotting.

54
New cards

B6

pyridoxine is also known as

55
New cards

Vitamin ____

56
New cards

A D E K

List three of the four fat-soluble vitamins

57
New cards

niacin

This vitamin is found in nuts, meats

58
New cards

and grains and is a component of

59
New cards

coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+