ALKALOIDS

Alkaloids

- Are group of mildly alkaline compounds, mostly of plant origin and of moderate molecular complexity. 
- Even in very small amounts, the alkaloids produce strong physiological effects on the body.  
- All contain nitrogen atoms that are structurally related to those of ammonia.

ine

Chemical rules designate that the names of all alkaloids should end in?

RNH2

Nitrogen Exist as a Primary Amine

R2NH

Nitrogen Exist as a Secondary Amine

R3N

Nitrogen Exist as a Tertiary Amine

Atropine
Morphine
Quinine
Vincristine

Host of agents to treat a gamut of disease conditions that range from malaria to cancer.

Ergot

Fungus responsible for the epidemics of mass poisoning with thousand death ( Europe) due to ingestion of rye bread.

Curare

Contains tubocurarine been beneficial for Indians in arrow poison for hunting and warfare.

Coniine

- Used for execution- death of Socrates.
- Poison of Hemlock

Derosne

HISTORY
A French Apothecary who isolated the alkaloid known as narcotine.

Serturner

HISTORY
Further investigated Opium and isolated Morphine

Pelletier & Caventou

HISTORY
Strychnine, emetine, brucine, piperine, caffeine, quinine, colchicine and coniine.

Apocynaceae
Papaveraceae
Ranunculaceae
Rubiaceae
Solanaceae
Berberidaceae
Amaryllidaceae
Liliaceae

ALKALOID YIELDING PLANTS

Hyoscyamine

SPECIFIC PLANT FAMILIES
Solanaceae

Colchicine

SPECIFIC PLANT FAMILIES
Liliaceae

Physostigma
Areca

OCCURENCE
Seeds

Sanguinaria

OCCURENCE
Underground Stem

Belladona

OCCURENCE
Roots

Ipecac
Hydrastis

OCCURENCE
Rhizome and Roots

Cinchona

OCCURENCE
Bark

Hydrastine
Atropine

VARIOUS WAYS OF ALKALOIDS
Generic name of the plant yielding them

Cocaine
Belladona

VARIOUS WAYS OF ALKALOIDS
Specific name of the plant yielding them.

Ergotamine

VARIOUS WAYS OF ALKALOIDS
Common name of the drug yielding them.

Emetine
Morphine

VARIOUS WAYS OF ALKALOIDS
Their Physiologic Activity

Pelletierine

VARIOUS WAYS OF ALKALOIDS
Occasionally from the discoverer

Free Alkaloids

SOLUBILITY OF ALKALOIDS
Soluble in ether, chloroform, or non polar, immiscible solvents

Alkaloidal Salts

SOLUBILITY OF ALKALOIDS
Are insoluble in organic solvents but soluble in water