AP Gov: Chapter 3

federalism

Way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people

Unitary government

Central government that holds supreme power in a nation

Intergovernmental relations

Entire set of interactions among national state and local governments, including regulations transfers of funds in the sharing of information

Supremacy clause

Article VI of the constitution that makes the constitution national laws and treaties supreme over state laws

10th amendment

States the power not delegated to the US by the constitution not prohibited, but it’s the states are reserved to the states, respectively or to the people

McCulloch v. Maryland

1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state government

Enumerated powers

Powers of the federal government that are listed explicitly in the constitution for example article one section 8, gives Congress power to coin money

Implied powers

Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the constitution in accordance with the statement in the constitution that Congress has a parrot to make our loss necessary and proper for carrying into execution

elastic clause

Final paragraph of article one section 8 of the constitution which authorizes Congress to pass all laws necessary proper to carry out the enumerated powers

gibbons v. Ogden

Landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause on article one section 8 of the constitution and defined the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce

Full faith and credit

A clause, an article IV of the constitution require each state to recognize the public act records and judicial proceedings of all other states

extradition

Illegal process, whereby a state surrender is a person charged with a crime to the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed

Privileges and immunities

Provision of the constitution according citizens of each state, the privileges of citizens of any state in which they happen to be

Dual federalism

System of garment in which the states of the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres, each with different powers and policy responsibilities

Cooperative federalism

System of government in which states and the national government share powers and policy assignment

Devolution

Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local government

Fiscal federalism

Pattern of spending taxing and providing grants in the federal system it’s the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local government

Categorical grants

Federal grants that can only be used only for a specific purposes or categories of state and local spending

Project grants

Federal categorical grants given for a specific purposes and awarded on basis of merits of applications

Formula grants

Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations

Block grants

Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs and areas such as community development and social services