Unit 2 & 3: Components & Knowledge Development

science

method for describing, explaining and predicting cause or outcomes of interventions

nursing science rationalism

• scope of knowledge emphasizes the importance of prior reasoning as the appropriate way of advancing knowledge

• deductive inquiry, theory-then-research strategy, specific to general

nursing science empiricism

• scope of knowledge anchors on sensory experience generalizing, observed facts

• inductive inquiry, research-then-theory strategy, general to specific

scientific consensus is needed in three areas:

• agreement on the boundaries of the theory or phenomenon

• agreement on the logic used in constructing the theory, the same understanding

• agreement that the theory fits the data collected and analyzed through research

theoretical foundation

• established theory to frame a study, explain why it exists, guide decisions about what to investigate and how

• in nursing, might be a nursing theory, learning theory or ethical framework (depends on ur focus)

theory

system of ideas that is presumed to explain a given phenomenon

theory (streubert & carpenter, 2011)

systematic explanation of an event in which constructs and concepts are identified and relationships are proposed and predictions made

theory (chinn & kramer, 2018)

creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that project a tentative purposeful, systematic view of phenomena

theory (young et al., 2001)

set of interpretable assumptions, principles or propositions that help explain or guide actions

concept

elements or components necessary to understand the phenomenon, building block of theories

abstract concepts

mentally formulated and interdependent of a specific time and place

concrete concepts

directly experiences and related to a particular time and space

relationship statements

indicates a specific relationship between two or more concepts

propositions

statement of a relationship between two or more concepts

hypothesis

tentative suggestions that a specific relationship exists between two concepts or propositions; an educated guess

laws

relationship among two concepts that have been validated repeatedly

axioms

relational statements common in abstract statements

assumptions

beliefs about a phenomenon and is accepted as true

conceptual model/framework

set of interrelated concepts that symbolically represents and conveys a mental image of a phenomenon

hall’s three aspects of nursing

• core, the person, therapeutic use of self

• care, the body, intimate bodily care

• cure, the disease, seeing the patient and family through medical care

phenomenon

designation of an aspect as reality

scope of theoretical foundation

where and how broadly the theory can be applied

disciplinary scope

nursing theories address nursing topics

level of abstraction

some theories are grand, middle-range, practice-level

contextual scope

theory that may apply to specific populations, settings, issues

methodological scope

quantitative, qualitative, mixed

silent knowledge

• 18th century

• follow blindly what is being told

received knowledge

• world war 2

• borrowed knowledge from other medical professionals

subjective knowledge

• 1950s

• nursing theorists became the source of authority, fostered new sense of self

procedural knowledge

• 1970s

• theories are applied in the nursing practice

constructed knowledge

• combination of different types of knowledge; intuition and reasoning

• introduction of literature or researches

integrated knowledge

• evidence-based practices applied in healthcare practice

• using other knowledge in clinical application

three-stage model (social sciences)

1. constructive stage

2. refinement stage

3. validation

four stage model (science & nursing)

1. speculative

2. descriptive

3. constructive

4. validation

proposition-based sequence (exams)

1. giving propositions

2. describing the pattern

3. explaining the pattern

4. empirical testing between propositions

5. 
   

ontology

study of being

epistemology

study of knowledge

methodology

means of acquiring knowledge

nursing philosophy

statement of foundational & universal assumptions, beliefs and belief system or worldview of the profession and provides perspectives for practice, scholarships and research

nursing science (parse, 2016)

substantive, discipline-specific knowledge that focuses on the human-universe-health process

nursing science

nursing recognizes the relationship of human responses in health and illness and addresses biologic, behavioral, social, and cultural domains

way of knowing: basic type of knowledge

• empirics

• personal

• intuitive

• somatic

• metaphysical

• esthetics

• moral or ethical knowledge

four fundamental patterns for nursing knowledge

carper (1978)

• empirics

• esthetics

• personal knowledge in nursing

• ethics

empirics

science of nursing

esthetics

art of or how to implement nursing

personal knowledge in nursing

subjective based on maturity

ethics

moral knowledge in nursing or how we communicate

empiricism research methodology

objectifies and quantifies experiences (quantitative)

phenomenology research methodology

study of lived experiences (qualitative)

nursing as a discipline

• specific to the academe

• branch of education, a department of learning or a domain of knowledge

criteria of nursing as a discipline

• theoretical work = body of knowledge

• knowledge of meta paradigms (person, health, and environment)

• nursing knowledge is taught to those who enter the profession

• prepares nursing student for membership

• members learn their trade: roles, responsibilities, and scope of practices

nursing as a profession

specialized field of practice (alligood, 2018)

occupation that required extensive education (berman, 2022)

criteria of nursing as a profession

well-defined, well-organized body of specialized knowledge

• service orientation

• ongoing research

• code of ethics

• autonomy

• professional organization

altruism

hallmark of a profession, selfless care for others

personal identity (godfrey & crigger, 2017; berman, 2022)

sense of oneself that is influenced by characteristics, norms and values of the nursing discipline, resulting in an individual thinking, acting and feeling like a nurse