Nutrition and Energy Systems Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to nutrition and energy systems, focusing on macronutrients, chemical compositions, metabolism, and cellular respiration.

Macronutrients include __, lipids, protein, and water.

Carbohydrates

Micronutrients include __ and minerals.

Vitamins

The functions of macronutrients include __, energy storage, structure, transport, and enzymes.

Fuel

Glucose is chemically composed of __, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Carbon

Saturated fatty acids have __ bonds between carbon atoms.

no double

Essential amino acids must be __ through diet.

provided

Non-athletes typically have a carbohydrate intake of __%.

44-65

Glycogen is primarily stored in the __ and skeletal muscles.

liver

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose is known as __.

glycogenolysis

Insulin helps to transform glucose into __ for storage.

glycogen

The role of glucagon during fasting is to promote __.

glycogenolysis

Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy in the form of __ from organic compounds.

ATP

ATP is converted to ADP when a phosphate molecule is __.

released

During strenuous short-term exercise, the main energy source is __ stored in the muscles.

glycogen

In the case of prolonged exercise, the body utilizes blood-borne glucose and __ from adipose tissue.

free fatty acids

Oxygen debt refers to the amount of oxygen that needs to be __ after vigorous exercise.

repaid