HPPM: Disease Prevention Strategies & US Health System

Primary Prevention

Measures provided to individuals to prevent the onset of a targeted condition

“Poking”

Secondary Prevention

Identify and treat asymptomatic persons who have already developed risk factors or preclinical disease —> but not become clinically apparent

“Screening“

Tertiary Prevention

Directed toward persons as part of the treatment and management of their clinical and chronic diseases

“Treatment”

Health Promotion

Encourages well-being

• oriented towards actualizing of human potential

  • attractive to client

Disease Prevention

taking action to thwart the disease process:

• by finding ways to modify the environment, behavior, and bodily defenses

• so disease processes are eliminated, slowed, or changed

Top Causes of Death in the U.S.

1. Heart Disease

2. Cancer

3. Unintentional Injury

4. Covid (recent years)

Criteria for WHO Ranking

Equity of distribution, preventable deaths, and utilization of existing health resources

Equity- equal access and opportunity

Equality- same treatment (but different access to resources/"background")

Disease Model in the U.S.

Expenditures predominantly directed at the treatment of late-stage disease

Overall Health System Performance Ranking for the U.S. (2000)

37th out of 191 countries

Level of Health Ranking for the U.S. (2000)

72nd out of 191 countries

Objectives of Healthy People 2030

Know causes of death, improve population health, increase lifespan

Ex. Vehicle safety, No Smoking Policy, Safe Sex

USPSTF Function

Independent panel developing evidence-based recommendations on preventive services

A- always

B- Best for some populations

C- Can do but not the best

D- Don't do

I- "IDK"

Influential Factors for Better Patient Outcomes

Health promotion, Health protection, Disease prevention, Shared decision-making

Shared decision-making: SHARE

Seek your pt’s participation

Help your patient explore and compare treatment options

Assess your pt’s values and preferences

Reach a decision with your pt

Evaluate your pt’s decision