APES
Tropical Rainforests
Dense forests near the equator with high rainfall.
Savannas
Grasslands with scattered trees, found in tropical regions.
Subtropical Deserts
Hot deserts with low precipitation and sparse vegetation.
Chaparral
Shrubby vegetation in Mediterranean climates with dry summers.
Temperate Grasslands
Grass-dominated ecosystems with moderate rainfall.
Temperate Forests
Forests with distinct seasons and deciduous trees.
Boreal Forests
Coniferous forests in cold northern climates.
Arctic Tundra
Cold, treeless regions with permafrost and low biodiversity.
Lakes and Ponds
Freshwater bodies supporting diverse aquatic life.
Rivers and Seas
Flowing and saline water bodies, crucial for ecosystems.
Oceans
Largest water bodies, covering 71% of Earth's surface.
Estuaries
Where freshwater meets saltwater, rich in nutrients.
Coral Reefs
Biodiverse underwater structures formed by coral polyps.
10% Rule
Energy transfer efficiency in food chains, typically 10%.
Food Chains
Linear sequences showing energy flow between organisms.
Ecological Efficiency
Ratio of energy transferred between trophic levels.
Climatograms
Graphs depicting climate data, including temperature and precipitation.
Wetlands
Areas saturated with water, supporting diverse ecosystems.
Mangroves
Coastal ecosystems with salt-tolerant trees and rich biodiversity.
Intertidal Zones
Coastal areas between high and low tide, rich in life.