Studied by 13 people
The bible was written to be
Heard
Acrostic psalm
When the first letter in each line spells something or is in alphabetical order
Verbal Strategies
Repetition, Rhymes, word play, allusions, Irony, Naming
Motif
A Recurring theme or idea
Inclusio
The repetition of the word at the beginning and end
Rhymes
Banim(children), ebanim(rock)
Kethib Qere
What is written, what is said (the spelling of the words is different so that the (god wouldnt be said out loud) ex: yawah and adonei
Holy
To be set aside for some reason
Augustin
Smart guy who was influenced by Neoplatonism
Augustin’s book about marriage
Wrote that sex and marriage was bad and that non Christians should be allowed to preproduce and Christians would take the non Christians and convert them
Lust of flesh
sexual nature
Lust of the eyes
materialism
Pride of life
taking social class and letting it hang over someone
Neoplatonism
Material things are and desires of the body are bad and sinful
Dual dating with the problem in kings
was the worst reason the dates where messed up. If 2 rival kings were in power then the time they were both in power would would be counted and the time the new king was in power for was counted. This caused years to be counted multiple times.
Allusion
When a section refers to a former section
Irony
A double meaning
Names
Names in Hebrew often times and meaning and can create significance in a story
anachronism
an out of sequence order of events
Toledote
Hebrew word for Generations
Moses topology
Structured similar to the actions taken by Moses
Number 7 in the bible
A symbol of completeness
Plato’s beliefs contradicted
Plato believed that material things were bad but in genesis when god created the earth he called it good
Papyrus
Cheap paper made from reeds
parchment
Animal skin that was turned into an expensive long lasting paper
Material items
Material items are good but should not be worshiped
It is not good for man to be along
Good can also mean functional
Gods plan for Man
God wants us to multiply and take dominion over the earth
Marriage
A partnership of people so both can help each other to serve god
Scrolls
Scrolls are the ancient equivalent of a book
Pergamum
An alter to Zeus that is now found in berlin
Lion
The lion is a symbol of power and royalty
Yahweh
Hebrew word for god
Adonie
Hebrew word for the lord is example of Khatib Qere
Tetragrammaton
Another word for Yahweh
In what way was the Hebrew bible read (Old testament)
The Hebrew bible was read right to left back to front
When Babylon took over Israel
Hebrew was largely lost as a language
After the Babylonian occupation
People wanted to start reading Hebrew again but was confused since the words had no vowels so dots were added to signify vowels
Jesus originally spoke Aramaic to his disciples
but it was not commonly spoken so it was translated into Greek
Septuagint
Greek translation of the Hebrew bible
biblion
Greek for scroll or book
Membrana
Greek for parchment
Masoretic texts
alternate version of the Hebrew bible
Reordering of the OT books
The Septuagint reordered the old testament books
Shalom
Common word in Hebrew that people often use as a greeting but means may god richly give all good things
Latin Vulgate
translated in 405 was called vulgate, vulger which means common or everyday. Translation was called that because Latin was the common language. Became the official church bible
Latin Vulgate translator
translated by Jerome who arranged the OT books into the modern order and added the Apocrypha even though he didnt want to.
Erasmus Greek New Testament Translation
Greek translation of the new testament. Published in 1516 by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam. Was printed by printing press. Was later then translated into many other languages.
Protestant reformation and the Erasmus bible
Martin Luther was able to learn Greek from reading this version of the bible and translate it into German
William Tyndale
very gifted scholar in his day and translated the New Testament into English wrote 82% of the KJV New Testament
Death of William Tyndale
He was burned at the stake for translating the bible into English even after King Henry told him not to. He was gagged first before being burned as a sign of respect.
The Great bible
Translated in 1539 was translated into English from Hebrew and Greek it was put into every church in England by King Henry VIII
King James Version
Published 1611 was written to replace all other bible versions and so there would be no argument which one was better. Was written in high brow English with more complicated diction. was and is considered on of the best translations and is still used today. Tyndale was especially influential in this translation
Leningrad Codex
one of the oldest version of the bible known until the dead sea scrolls were found. Is the version of the bible that the modern day version of the bible is based off. The only difference between the dead sea scrolls and the Leningrad codex was the spelling of 3 words
Problem with the kings and dates
when Israel was divided they kept track of kings in different ways and would only put the year not month the new king was in place. The problem was the number of years Israel and Judah were not the same but taking into account the differences in counting the added up
Solutions to the kings problem
1)They don’t have the same calendar we have
different systems for notating time in power
2b) no accession year (year where they are “king” but not yet in power)
Abraham and Moses
Abraham was able to listen God and obey him better because he was faithful where Moses wasnt able to listen to the laws given to him because he did not have faith.
Message of Abraham and Moses contrast
Moses is made to parallel Abraham but he also tells the story of his failures to show that having faith in god leads to obedience
Gen 26:5 talking about Abraham using mosaic law conotation
Abraham was able to follow the law even though he was unaware of them because of his faith
Tanak Sections
Torah (Law), Nebi’im(Prophets), Ketubim(The writings)
The old testament revels a person that
will be a better prophet than moses a better preist and arron and a better king than david
Prophets in the generations after Moses
God raises a prophet from each of the generations after Moses but all of them fail in some way and fail to fulfill the messianic prophecy
pronouncing the Hebrew word for blessing
the Hebrew word for blessing is pronounced Barack
Priest message and blessing
May god smile upon you. God wants to bless you. In the last line lift upon his countenance is explained as upon you and give you peace.
You shall not take the lords name in vain
Really means that you shall not make an oath in the lords name and lie or could mean that you should not carry the lords name in vain and that you as a Christian represent God and you must do good in his name
The Torah is structured as a 3 fold frame work
Narrative, poem, epilogue found in Genesis 49, Numbers 24, Deuteronomy 32-33
5 part parallel pattern that occurs 3 times in the Torah
1)There is a central figure
Gathers a crowd
proclaims the word of god
explains what will happen
in the end of days reference
Definition of a kingdom
A place where people reside with laws that is ruled by a king
Eden is a Kingdom
Adam and Eve are residence there is land and laws given by god the ruler
Functions of a government
A government is to create order so you may live peacefully and spread the word of God. The government is not suppose to be perfect and it shouldn’t be Christian
Secular
separation of church and state should occur because the government and church combined breeds bad leadership and has too much power
Noahic Covenant
the Covenant god made with Noah and all his decedents that God would never flood the earth again. Prevents the destruction of man by a world wide flood allowing for government to be created.
The CT goal
The CT goal shouldnt be to have a government that is Christian that forces Christian beliefs on others but to have a government that allows for people to prosper and spread the word of god through faith
City of God Augustine CT are part of 2 Cities
They are part the city of man (country, state, town, etc ) that they live in and part of gods city that they live in in faith
Theocracy
Kingdom where God is king
Theocracy in the bible
Theocracy has never worked in the bible not because God is faulty but people arent able to follow gods laws
Hittite Empire
1800-800 BC its height was in 1400bc (Time of Moses)
Hittite Empire discoved in
1906 by archeologist
Hittite Treates
2nd millennium 1400-1200bc and 900-700 bc
Hittite treaties are from of
suzerain-vassal treaty where the Suzerain (leader of victor) make forced agreement with Vassal (looser of war)
Deuteronomy
A confusing mess of laws, songs, and poems that only become clear when it is viewed as a Suzerain Vassal treaty
Suzerain Vassal treaty format
preamble
Historical Prologue
Stipulations (general) (specific)
deposit of text to be read to the public periodically
Witnesses
Curses and Blessings
Structure of Deuteronomy
Preamble
Historical Prologue
stipulations (general)(specific)
Blessing curses (6)
Deposit/reading (4)
6)Witnesses (5) (Moses has Heaven and earth as witness[Merism])
Merism
The use of 2 opposite things that are used to refer to the whole thing
Shema
Pray found in Deuteronomy to signify love of god
Core of Loving god
Shema is the core which is surrounded by the 10 commandments that tells you how to love god that is then followed by the specific stipulations in Deuteronomy that explain the 10 commandments better.
understanding the 10 commandments
the 10 commandments are actually the 10 words and where miss translated. The Christians rearranged the 10 commandments because of this mistranslation and added one since one of the original wasn’t actually a commandment.
Jewish version of the 10 commandments
I am the lord
worship no other gods
don’t take lords name in vain
Honor the sabbath
Honor mother and Father
No murder
No Aldultery
No stealing
Bear false witness
no materialism
10 commandments are explained in Caustic law
Means it is based off if/then pretenses
Paronomasia
Another word for Pun or play on words
Chiastic structure
words are mirrored by a center word or sentence
I like hotdogs
They are easy to cook
They taste good
throw them on the gill to cook them
That is why I like hotdogs
Patterns in Toledote
Creation, fall, gods rescue
Errors in copying manuscripts
Dictation (read out loud and copied) :
error in hearing
Exemplar (copied with an example):
error in seeing
Standard divisions in the bible
Old Testament:
Chapter divisions became standard in either 1244 or 1330 AD
Verse divisions were standardized in 900 AD
New Testament:
Chapter divisions standard in 1227 AD by Stephen Langdon and later again by Archbishop Canterbury
Verse Divisions became standard in 1551 in Robert Stephanus Greek New Testament
170-180 AD Church in Rome Composed mosts of the modern day NT That is called
Muratorian Canon
Note 
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