NAV Pumped and Dumped (NIFE 2025)

The three instruments essential for Dead Reckoning (DR) navigation are ___________________, _____________________, and _________________.

Compass, Clock, and Airspeed Indicator

Aircrew's primary instrument for determining direction in the aircraft is the ______________________

Remote Gyro Vertical Compass Card

What are the secondary instrumented used in Dead Reckoning navigation?

Altimeter and the OAT

The tail of the #2 needle on a BDHI displays what?

Magnetic radial of a TACAN

The actual path that an aircraft travels between two points is known as its ______________.

track

The intended flight path of the aircraft is called what?

True course

______________________ connects points of equal variation

Isogonic lines

T/F: Equator and Meridians is/are great circle(s)

True

1 multiple choice option

True heading and true airspeed are a representative of what?

Air Vector

Wind direction is stated as _________________ while velocity is stated as speed in __________.

true direction, knots

What is the jet log's primary purpose?

Fuel management/planning

What are the three types of air navigation?

Dead reckoning

Visual

Electronic

Position, direction, time, and speed are four major components of what type of navigation?

Dead Reckoning

BDHI provides for what?

Position and Direction

.________________ navigation relies on adequate visability

Visual

What is also called lines of latitude and run generally horizontal (left/right) on the chart?

Parallels

What is the primary instrument for determining direction in air navigation?

Remote Gyro Vertical Compass Card

The shortest distance between any two points on the earth's surface is a what?

Great Circle Route

Why are great circle routes more desirable?

Shortest distance

Saves time and fuel

On a Lambert Conformal Chart, every ______________ is a great circle, but only one _____________, which is the ________________, is a great circle

meridian, parallel, equator

Parallels appear as _____________ lines while meridians appear as ___________ lines on a Lambert Conformal Chart

Curved, Straight

What term is defined as the angular difference from true north to magnetic north from any given position called?

Magnetic Variation

A line connecting points of equal variation which can be found on most Lambert Conformal Charts is called what?

Isogonic Line

Which term is defined as the direction in which the aircraft is pointed?

Heading

Which term is defined as the aircraft's intended flight path?

Course

Which term is defined as the aircraft's actual flight path?

Track

Lattitude is measured along a _________________ while a longitude is measured along a _______________.

Meridian, Parallel

Directing an aircraft and determining its position by the application of direction and speed is called what?

Dead Reckoning

How are lines of latitude displayed and how are they measured?

Displayed East and West

Measured north and south

Where do lines of longitude start and what is it called?

0 Degrees, Prime Meridian

Where do lines of longitude end and what is it called?

180 degrees

International Date Line

What term is defined as the angular distance from a reference?

Direction

What are lines of longitude refered to as?

Meridians

How is elapsed time written out?

Hours + Minutes + Seconds

The speed vector consists of what?

Magnitude and direction

How many degrees of longitude are in one hour?

15 degrees longitude

A conical projection is called a what?

Lambert Conformal Chart

T/F: Parallels are equally spaced and curved, on a Lambert Chart

True

1 multiple choice option

ONC and TPC are the two types of what?

Lambert Charts

__________ cover longer ranges while __________ covers more detail

ONC

TPC

Which lines converge on the poles on a Lambert Chart?

Meridians

The line that connects points of equal variation is called what?

Isogonic LIne

Air Density has an inverse relationship with what two things related to Air Navigation?

Mach Number and True Airspeed

Calibrated airspeed is indicated airspeed that is corrected for ____________________

Instrument error

True airspeed affected by Head or Tailwind is called what?

Ground Speed

What are the three components of the preflight wind triangle?

Air Vector, Wind Vector, and Ground Vector

What is the difference between the True Heading and True Course measured left or right of the TC

Crab Angle

True Heading and True Airspeed are components that make up the _______ Vector

Air

The aircraft's TC and Ground speed are components that make up the ______________ Vector

Ground

Jet log's primary purpose is for fuel management but can also assist with what?

enroute comms and planning

Indicated airspeed is airspeed read off of what?

Airspeed Indicator

What is true airspeed?

CAS corrected for density

What is the actual speed of the aircraft relative to the ground, and is found by correcting TAS for the head/tail wind?

Ground Speed

The aeronautical sectional chart is viewed on a 1:_____________ scale and used for ______ to ___________ speed aircraft operating under _______

1:500,000

low

medium

VFR

Aeronautical Sectional Charts are referred to as what?

VFR Sectional

Terminal Area Chart's (TAC) are on a 1:____________ scale and are used in Busy Class __________ airspace for more precise navigation?

250,000

Bravo

What term is described as where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface?

True North

What term is defined as where the point on the Earth's surface where our compass needles point?

Magnetic North

What term represents the angular difference between Magnetic North and True North?

Magnetic Variation

Air Navigation is primarily concerned with what type of North?

Magnetic North

What time zone is managed by a conglomeration of atomic clocks around the world?

UTC

Which type of Time is the foundation for "Zulu" time?

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

Divider's primary function is to what?

Aid measuring direction in conjunction with the Plotter

_______________ is a function of temperature and pressure

Density

Altimeters and airspeed gauges are designed based on _________________ conditions

Standard Day

For a given indicated airspeed, ___________ will generally increase with an increase in __________________

TAS

Altitude

The wind vector consists of what?

Direction and Wind Velocity

The aircraft's ground speed and track makes up the _________________ Vector

Ground

The aircraft's direction and speed represented by True Heading and True Airspeed make up the ___________ Vector

Air

What is the difference between the True Heading and Track measured left or right of True Heading?

Drift Angle

_______________ allows aircrew to FIX position given direction and distance from a known point

TACAN

What is the Flight Planning Process (4 steps)?

1. Measure True Courses and Distances

2. Determine TH & GS using Preflight Winds

3. Compute ETE using ground speed

4. Compute Leg Fuel using ETE and Fuel Flow

Regarding Time, 360 degrees / 24 hours = _____ degrees per hour

15

What type of navigation requires electronic devices to determine position?

Electronic

What are the three categories of electronic Navigation?

1. Exterior to aircraft (GPS/VOR/TACAN)

2. Active Transmitters (RADAR)

3. Self-contained (Inertial Nav System)

What are ground stations that provide electronic signals for Electronic Navigation?

VOR, TACAN, ADF, VORTAC, VOR/DME

What is the electronic signal that is received from Space?

GPS

What electronic devices transmit their own signal, for Electronic Navigation?

RADAR

Doppler

What is satellite-based radio navigation that is continuous, reliable, accurate that require 4 satellites for 3d position and provide for waypoint-to-waypoint Navigation

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Regarding VOR/TACAN, what are the types of stations and what do they provide?

1. VOR: only directional info

2. VOR/DME: distance information

3. TACAN: direction and distance info

4. VORTAC: TACAN capable (military) giving direction and DME

What type of navigation uses ground references to determine current position or steering cues to a destination?

Visual Navigation

If the pilot uses visual navigation without the support of dead reckoning, what can happen to the pilot?

Become lost

The Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) is

Larger

Less detailed

Smaller Scale at 1:1,000,000

The Tactical Pilotage Chart (TPC) is:

Smaller

More detailed

Larger Scale at 1:500,000

You always _____ easterly variation and _______ westerly variation

Add, Subtract,

0 degrees latitude is referred to as the _____________________, 0 degree longitude is referred to as _____________________, and 180 degrees longitude is referred to as the ___________________________________________.

Equator, Primer Meridian, International Date Line

What is the angular measurement from a reference which determines the actual flight path from a known starting position?

Direction

What is multiplied by time that will produce the distance flown (or to be flown)

Speed

What is the set of coordinates that define the specific location of the aircraft above the earth's surface?

Position

_________________________ is the top of the earth whereas _______________________ is the point from which all of the Earth's magnetic lines of force emanate

True North

Magnetic North

What is the equation to find speed?

Speed = Distance / Time

Which navigation is most commonly used for helo ops and for high speed/low level flight by tactical aircraft?

Visual Nav

The actual flight path is called the ____________________. The intended flight path is called the __________________. The direction in which the aircraft is pointed is called the ___________________.

Track, Course, Heading

The intersection of a sphere and a plane is a circle however, a _________________ if the plane passes through the center of the sphere and a _________________ if it does not

Great circle, small circle

Why is a great circle route important?

Because it is the shortest distance between two points, saving both time and fuel.

What are the characteristics of a Lambert Conformal Projection?

Parallels: equally spaced concentric circles

Meridians: straight lines converging at the poles

Scale: constant distance scale

Great Circle: plot as straight lines

Direction can be further defined by three related terms, which are:

Course, Heading, and Track

Which type of North is where a compass points to because of the Earth's magnetic field?

North Magnetic Pole

North Magnetic Pole shifts approx. _____ km per year

55

Which type of north represents a "Best-fit point", representing a true north-south bar magnet aligned through the center of the Earth?

Geomagnetic North