GIT Development

What is the primitive gut tube composed of?

Endoderm.

What are the three main divisions of the gastrointestinal tract during embryonic development?

Foregut, midgut, and hindgut.

What structures develop from the foregut?

Oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and proximal duodenum.

What structures develop from the midgut?

Distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon.

What structures develop from the hindgut?

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and upper anal canal.

What is the role of the vitelline duct in midgut development?

Connects the midgut to the yolk sac.

What is the process of gut looping?

Twisting of the midgut around the cranial mesenteric artery.

How does the caecum move during gut looping?

Rotates 270 degrees in most animals, 450 degrees in pigs.

What are the omenta?

Peritoneal folds that support abdominal organs.

Where does the greater omentum develop from?

The dorsal mesogastrium.

Where does the lesser omentum develop from?

The ventral mesogastrium.

What is the role of the dorsal mesentery in gut development?

Supports the midgut and hindgut.

What is the origin of the liver?

Develops from the hepatic diverticulum.

What is the origin of the pancreas?

Develops from two pancreatic buds.

What is the origin of the spleen?

Develops from the dorsal mesogastrium.

What is the blood supply to the liver?

Hepatic artery and portal vein.

What is the blood supply to the pancreas?

Pancreaticoduodenal arteries.

What is the blood supply to the spleen?

Splenic artery.

What are the main ligaments supporting the liver?

Falciform, coronary, and triangular ligaments.

What are the main ligaments supporting the spleen?

Splenorenal and gastrosplenic ligaments.

What is the buccopharyngeal membrane?

Separates the oral cavity from the pharynx.

What is the cloacal membrane?

Separates the hindgut from the external environment.

What is the significance of embryonic folding in gut development?

Shapes the gut tube and forms peritoneal structures.

What is the role of the notochord in embryonic development?

Provides axial support.

How does the enteric nervous system develop?

From neural crest cells that migrate to the gut.