CAM 10- TEST 1

oversupply

NOUN-/ˌoʊ.vɚ.səˈplaɪ/ a greater supply of something than is needed: CUNG VƯỢT CẦU, DƯ CUNG

• The coffee market is suffering from oversupply.

• oversupply of We have an oversupply of unsold cars in the showroom.

Tinder

sử dụng để chỉ vật liệu dễ cháy, khô, là nguyên liệu chính cho các đám cháy lớn.

housing expansion

/ɪkˈspænʃən/ sự mở rộng nhà ở

increasing

ADJ đang tăng

• An increasing number of customers shop online.( ngày càng nhiều khách hàng mua sắm trực tuyến)

menace

/ˈmen.ɪs/ us /ˈmen.əs/

[ C usually singular ]

something that is likely to cause harm: mối đe dọa , mối nguy hiểm

• menace to Drunk drivers are a menace to everyone.

• public menace Dogs running loose are a public menace.

• the menace of industrial pollution

the hardest hit area

• khu vực chịu ảnh hưởng nặng nề nhất hoặc vùng bị thiệt hại nặng nhất.

Phân tích:

• area (danh từ): khu vực, vùng.

• hit: đánh, tác động đến.

• hard-hit (tính từ): bị ảnh hưởng nặng nề, bị thiệt hại nghiêm trọng.

• the hardest hit: bị ảnh hưởng nặng nề nhất (dạng so sánh nhất).

are becoming an increasing menace

đang ngày càng trở thành 1 mối đe dọa

squad

NOUN-C2 : a small group of people trained to work together as a unit:

• bomb squad An army bomb squad arrived and defused the bomb.

• drug squad The seizure of a large amount of heroin by the drug squad ( đội phòng chống ma túy)

• fire squad ( đội chữa cháy)

• rescue squad đội cứu hộ

blaze

NOUN a large, strong fire: hỏa hoạn, đám cháy

• Firefighters took two hours to control the blaze.

Flame

NOUN-B2 [ C or U ] a stream of hot, burning gas from something on fire: NGỌN LỬA

• The flames grew larger as the fire spread.( ngọn lửa ngày càng lớn khi đám cháy lan rộng)

• burst into flames The car flipped over and burst into flames (= started burning immediately).

• in flames When the fire engine arrived the house was already in flames (= burning).

contain

VERB / kənˈteɪn /

1. chứa, có to have something inside or include something as a part:

• How much liquid do you think this bottle contains?

• I lost a file containing a lot of important documents.

• Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.

• contained in The allegations contained in this report are very serious.

2. ngăn chặn, kiềm chế to keep something harmful within limits and not allow it to spread:

   • Farms in the area have been closed off in an attempt to contain the disease.

   • More police were sent to help contain the violence.

   • The firefighters are trying to contain the fire

3. kiềm chế, kìm nén cảm xúc to control or hide a strong emotion, such as excitement or anger:

   • She could no longer contain her anger and started yelling at him.

   • humorous Contain yourself! It's not that exciting.

preparedness

NOUN /prɪˈper.əd.nəs/ the state of being prepared for a particular situation: Trạng thái sẵn sàng, chuẩn bị

• preparedness for The army is in a state of preparedness for war.

• The company's preparedness for the economic downturn helped them survive. (Sự chuẩn bị của công ty cho suy thoái kinh tế đã giúp họ tồn tại.)

fan

VERB to blow air at a fire to make it burn more strongly

• The strong winds fanned the flames, causing the fire to spread rapidly. (Những cơn gió mạnh đã quạt lửa, khiến đám cháy lan nhanh.)

Erratically

ADV /ɪˈræt.ɪ.kəl.i/ in a way that is not regular, certain, or expected: KHÓ LƯỜNG KO THỂ ĐOÁN TRƯỚC ĐC, bất thường, thất thường

• Winds’. The wildfires themselves, experts say, are generally hotter, faster, and spread more erratically than in the past.

MEGAFIRE

để chỉ những vụ cháy rừng quy mô cực lớn, thiêu rụi diện tích đất rất rộng.

WILDFIRE

NOUN chay rừng

among

PRE được sử dụng để nói về vị trí của một vật hoặc một người trong một nhóm.

Ví dụ:

• She is among the best students in her class. (Cô ấy là một trong những học sinh giỏi nhất trong lớp.)

• The book is hidden among the others on the shelf. (Cuốn sách bị giấu trong số những cuốn khác trên kệ.)

acreage

NOUN / ˈeɪ.kɚ.ɪdʒ / DIỆN TÍCH

• It was a huge farm with substantial acreage.

• Some recent wildfires are among the biggest ever in California in terms of acreage burned, according to state figures and news reports. (Theo số liệu của tiểu bang và các báo cáo tin tức, một số vụ cháy rừng gần đây nằm trong số những vụ cháy lớn nhất từng xảy ra ở California xét về diện tích bị thiêu rụi.)

precipitation

/prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn/

1. ​[uncountable] (specialist) rain, snow, etc. that falls; the amount of this that falls mưa, lượng mưa

   • There is heavy precipitation in some parts of the country.

   • Acid precipitation may cause a reduction in forest productivity.

   • an increase in annual precipitation

   • Annual precipitation ranges from 500 to 2 200 mm.

unintentional

ADJ-/ˌʌn·ɪnˈten·ʃən·əl/ not planned or intended

• His unintentional mistake caused much confusion. (Sai lầm không cố ý của anh ấy đã gây ra nhiều sự nhầm lẫn.)

HALT

VERB to stop; to make somebody/something stop

• She walked towards him and then halted.

• ‘Halt!’ the Major ordered (= used as a command to soldiers).

• halt somebody/something The police were halting traffic on the parade route.

• The trial was halted after the first week.

eradication

noun /ɪˌrædɪˈkeɪʃn/

[uncountable]

1. ​the act of destroying or getting rid of something completely, especially something bad xóa bỏ, loại bỏ, diệt trừ

   • the eradication of weeds

• The eradication of the disease took many years. (Việc loại bỏ căn bệnh này mất nhiều năm.)

• The government is working on the eradication of poverty. (Chính phủ đang nỗ lực xóa đói giảm nghèo.)

brush

bụi cây

• We spotted a jackrabbit hidden in the brush.

underbrush

Một đám cây bụi , cây nhỏ và các loại thực vật mọc dưới tán cây trong rừng hoặc khu rừng.

(Định nghĩa vềbụi rậm

on average

trung bình

• On average, a person’s income is highest when they are in their mid-50s.

wooded area

khu vực rừng rậm

professor/prəˈfes.ɚ/

/prəˈfes.ɚ/

B1

a teacher of the highest rank in a department of a British university, or a teacher of high rank in an American university or college:

Professor Stephen Hawking

a professor of sociology

a sociology professor

intensity

cường độ

• The intensity of the heat made it difficult to stay in the room. (Cường độ của sức nóng khiến cho việc ở trong phòng trở nên khó khăn.)

• The storm increased in intensity. (Cơn bão mạnh hơn.)

catch fire

bắt lửa

• The dry leaves caught fire easily. (Lá khô dễ bắt lửa.)

scorch

VERB to (cause to) change colour with dry heat, or to burn slightly:

• The iron was too hot and he scorched the shirt.

  • The surrounding buildings were scorched by the heat of the explosion.

Numerous

ADJ- /ˈnuː.mə.rəs/

C1

many:

• We have discussed these plans on numerous occasions.

• There are numerous reasons why people choose to live in cities. (Có rất nhiều lý do tại sao mọi người chọn sống ở thành phố.)

  The author made numerous revisions to her manuscript. (Tác giả đã thực hiện nhiều lần sửa đổi bản thảo của mình.)

STING

VERB [transitive] to make somebody feel angry or upset

• sting somebody He was stung by their criticism.

Criticism

NOUN-B2 /ˈkrɪt̬.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/ B2 [ C or U ]

the act of saying that something or someone is bad or a comment that says what is bad about it:

• criticism of There has been a lot of criticism of the decision.

• criticism about He resigned amid criticism about his handling of the affair.

• I thought the speech was generally good, but I have one criticism: it was too long.

• widespread criticism The designs for the new mosque have attracted widespread criticism.

PERSONNEL

the people who are employed in a company, organization, or one of the armed forces: NHÂN VIÊN, NHÂN SỰ

The new director is likely to make major changes in personnel.

BUNGLE

VERB /ˈbʌŋɡl/

[transitive, intransitive] bungle (something) to do something badly or without skill; to fail at somethingsynonym botch

• They bungled the job.

• a bungled robbery/raid/attempt

• The police bungled the investigation. ( Cảnh sát đã xử lý vụ điều tra một cách tắc trách .)

PECULIAR

 

ADJ-C1/pɪˈkjuːliər/

1. Bất thường và kỳ lạ , đôi khi theo cách khó chịu :

• a peculiar smell/taste

• The meat tasted rather peculiar.

compare odd

2. ​peculiar (to somebody/something) belonging or relating to one particular place, situation, person, etc., and not to others ĐẶC TRƯNG, ĐẶC BIỆT , RIÊNG BIỆT

• a humour that is peculiar to American sitcoms

• He has his own peculiar style which you'll soon get used to.

dilapidated

ADJ /dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd/ ​(of furniture and buildings) old and in very bad condition synonym ramshackle

• The old house was in a somewhat dilapidated condition.

• The dilapidated building was demolished. (Tòa nhà đổ nát đã bị phá hủy.)

Blueprint

 

/ˈbluːprɪnt/ bản thiết kế Ảnh in của bản vẽ thiết kế một tòa nhà hoặc một cỗ máy, với các đường kẻ màu trắng trên nền xanh.

• The architect presented the blueprints of the new building. (Kiến trúc sư đã trình bày bản thiết kế của tòa nhà mới.)

insufficient

ADJ-C1   /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃnt/ (formal)

​not large, strong or important enough for a particular purpose KHÔNG ĐỦ

• insufficient time

• The management paid insufficient attention to working conditions.

• I’m afraid we have insufficient evidence.

• insufficient to do something His salary is insufficient to meet his needs.

• insufficient for something The plan was to refurbish the whole building but the funds raised were insufficient for the purpose. ( tân trang)

praise

VERB /preiz/

to say that you approve of and admire somebody/somethingsynonym compliment

• praise somebody/something She praised his cooking.

• a highly praised film

• praise somebody/something for something He praised his team for their performance.

• praise somebody/something for doing something They were praised by police for reporting the theft.

Commitment

NOUN /kəˈmɪtmənt/

[đếm được, không đếm được] lời hứa làm điều gì đó hoặc cư xử theo một cách cụ thể; lời hứa hỗ trợ ai đó/điều gì đó; việc cam kết bản thân

• I'm not ready to make a long-term commitment.

• commitment to somebody/something The company has shown a commitment to diversity over the years..

• We're looking for a firm commitment from both sides. ( cam kết chắc chắn)

• commitment to do/doing something This project demonstrates our commitment to improving the quality of the city's green spaces.

proactive

ADJ- /ˌprəʊˈæktɪv/

​(of a person or policy) controlling a situation by making things happen rather than waiting for things to happen and then reacting to them

• a proactive approach

• Managers must be proactive in identifying and preventing potential problems.

• The company took a proactive approach to customer service. (Công ty đã áp dụng một cách tiếp cận chủ động đối với dịch vụ khách hàng.)

  It's important to be proactive in preventing health problems. (Điều quan trọng là phải chủ động trong việc ngăn ngừa các vấn đề sức khỏe.)

COME THROUGH WITH STH

​Hoàn thành thành công điều gì đó mà bạn đã hứa sẽ làm.

• The company came through with the funding. (Công ty đã đáp ứng được nhu cầu về ngân quỹ.)

• We were worried she wouldn't be able to handle it, but she came through in the end.

• The bank finally came through with the money. ( GIẢI NGÂN)

Budgetary

ADJ /ˈbʌdʒɪteri/

1. ​connected with a budget

   • budgetary control/policies/reform

   • Industrial expansion could solve the regime’s chronic budgetary problems.

   • The new accounting procedures will improve budgetary control.

seek sough sought

seek - -

long

ADV từ lâu

• ‘We are pleased that the current state administration has been very proactive in its support of us, and has come through with budgetary support of the infrastructure needs we have long sought,’

fire engine

xe cứu hỏa

mutual aid

NOUN /ˌmjuːtʃuəl ˈeɪd/

[uncountable] ​help provided by groups of people working together in a community, especially in an emergency TƯƠNG TRỢ LẪN NHAU

• The country has a long tradition of mutual aid in both rural and urban areas.

• a mutual aid society

Adequately

ADV /ˈædɪkwətli/

in a way that is enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose ĐẦY ĐỦ

• The staff were not adequately trained. (Các nhân viên không được đào tạo đầy đủ.)

• The house is adequately furnished. (Ngôi nhà được trang bị đầy đủ.)

• we were not able to communicate adequately with them,’

Coordination

ADJ-C1 /kəʊˌɔːrdɪˈneɪʃn/

[uncountable] the act of making parts of something, groups of people, etc. work together in an efficient and organized way SỰ PHỐI HỢP

• The aim was to improve the coordination of services.

• coordination between A and B a need for greater coordination between departments

• coordination in something a lack of coordination in conservation policy

CODE

NOUN- [countable] a system of laws or written rules that state how people in an institution or a country should behave LUẬT, QUY TẮC,

• The Supreme Council adopted a new criminal code.

• (North American English) The theater did not comply with modern building codes and was not accessible to wheelchair users.

EVACUATE

VERB-C1 /ɪˈvækjueɪt/

[transitive] to move people from a place of danger to a safer place SƠ TÁN

• evacuate something Police evacuated nearby buildings.

• evacuate somebody (from…) (to…) Children were evacuated from London to escape the bombing.

• Families were evacuated to safer parts of the city.

Evacuation

NOUN

the process of moving people from a place of danger to a safer place

• the emergency evacuation of thousands of people after the earthquake

Notwithstanding + NOUN

bất chấp + noun/noun phrase

• Notwithstanding the rain, we continued our picnic. (Bất chấp trời mưa, chúng tôi vẫn tiếp tục buổi dã ngoại.)

  Notwithstanding the cost, they decided to remodel the kitchen. (Bất chấp chi phí cao, họ vẫn quyết định tu sửa lại nhà bếp.)

having said that | that said

tuy nhiên

• I sometimes get worried in this job. Having said that, I enjoy doing it, it's a challenge.

no longer

ko còn

She no longer works here. (Cô ấy không còn làm việc ở đây nữa.)

I can no longer tolerate this noise. (Tôi không thể chịu đựng được tiếng ồn này nữa.)

endure

/ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ chịu đựng

• She endured years of abuse before finally leaving her husband. (Cô đã chịu đựng nhiều năm bị bạo hành trước khi cuối cùng rời bỏ chồng.)

• endure something They had to endure a long wait before the case came to trial.

• endure doing something He can't endure being defeated.

• endure to do something He can't endure to be defeated.

firefighting

chữa cháy

put sth in place

đưa vào thực hiện, triển khai, thiết lập hoặc áp dụng một hệ thống, biện pháp, chính sách, quy trình...

• The government put new safety regulations in place. (Chính phủ đã ban hành các quy định an toàn mới.)

  The company has put a new policy in place regarding employee benefits. (Công ty đã ban hành chính sách mới liên quan đến phúc lợi của nhân viên.)

• the fire prevention and firefighting measures that have been put in place,’he says.

mammoth

ADJ /ˈmæməθ/

[usually before noun] extremely large khung lo, lon

synonym huge

• a mammoth task

• a financial crisis of mammoth proportions

serpentine

ADJ /ˈsɜːpəntaɪn/

/ˈsɜːrpəntiːn/

(literary) ​bending and twisting like a snake ngoằng ngèo, uốn lượn

synonym winding

• the serpentine course of the river