Protists, Reproduction, Green Plants

Eukaryotes

Endosymbiotic Theory

Like mitochondria and Chloroplast, They were previously their own cells and were absorbed into the cell.

Asexual Reproduction

Single parent, produces offspring genetically identical to itself.

Spores

Reproductive cells that can survive in harsh conditions and can develop into new organisms, often produced by plants, fungi, algae, and bacteria.

Chlorophyll

The green pigment used in plants to make food during photosynthesis.

gametangia

male (antheridia), and female (archegonia), they are the sex organs of some plants.

Charophyta

Group of freshwater algae.

Alveolates

Protist supergroup, characterized by sacs of fluid called alveoli.

Last Common Eukaryotic Ancestor (LCEA)

Theory that there is one organism that all eukaryotes evolved from.

symbiosis

Close relationship between two or more species that can benefit at least one of the species involved.

Fertilization

Two gametes fuse together to form zygote.

Gametes

Haploid sex cells, form zygote through fertilization.

cell wall

Rigid external layer around cell, provides structure and support, found in plant cells.

Antheridia

The male sex organ in some plants.

Land Plants

Multicellular, terrestrial plants.

Green Algae

Green, has starch storing plastids.

Life Cycle

Series of states an organism goes through from conception to adulthood, ending in reproduction.

Meiosis

Creation of haploid cells from diploid cells, produces gametes.

Viridiplantae

Under Archaeplastida, consists of the green algae’s and land plants.

Plastid

In plant cells, small membrane bound compartments that store food.

Archegonia

The female sex organ in some plants.

Archaeplastida

The clade involving red algae, the green algae’s, and land plants.

Paraphyletic

A group of organisms that are all descended from a common ancestor, however the group doesn’t include all organisms descended from that ancestor.

Sexual Reproduction

Two parents, mix of genetic info, better in unstable environments.

Mitosis

Copies and divides cells to create two identical copies, no change in ploidy.

Plasmodesmata

Small channels that connect plant cells, allowing for sharing of resources.

Apical cell

Cell at the tip of a structure that divides and creates new cells, found in plants for the growth of shoots and roots, and also in embryos to form 8 pre embryo cells.

oogamy

Motile sperm and non-motile eggs.

Opisthokonta

Eukaryotic clade including Nucleariids, Fungi, Choanoflagellates, and Animals.