UNL BIOS 214 Lab 6 Clinical Condsiderations/Lever systems

tenosynovitis

inflammation of tendons/tendon sheath/synovial membrane surrounding joints-

often around wrists, shoulders, elbow, finger joints

tenderness/pain-often follows trauma, strain, excessive exercise

atrophy

wasting away of muscles

hypertrophy

dramatic muscle growth after birth due to enlargement of fibers

hypotonia

decrease or loss in muscle tone

hypertonia

increased muscle tone

muscular dystrophy

group of inherited muscle disorders that cause muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system

leads to inability to walk

myasthnia gravis

an autoimmune disease that causes chronic, progressive damage of the neuromuscular junction

blocks ach receptors

rigor mortis

muscles in a state of rigidity, occurs 3-4 hours after death

anabolic steroids

increases muscle size, strength, liver cancer and kidney damage

in females: can lead to sterility

Exertional Compartment Syndrome

muscle/nerve condition

when pressure of muscles in arm/legs raise to dangerously high levels

causes: fascia around muscle doesn't expand when muscle does

pain and discomfort

nonoperative treatments, surgery, lifestyle adjustments

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

progressive, degenerative disease that attacks motor areas of cerebral cortex

causes atrophy and muscle weakness

die in 2-5 years typically

inherited, non inherited(causes by a buildup of glutamate in synaptic cleft),

lever

a rigid structure that can move around a fixed point

fulcrum

fixed point around which a lever turns

effort

causes movement

load

resistance, opposes movement

First class lever system

fulcrum between load and effort

ex-head on the vertebral column

E-posterior neck muscles

F-atlantooccipital joint

L-weight of interior skull

second class lever system

load between fulcrum and effort

ex-gastrocnemius

F-ball of foot

L-weight of body

E-calf muscle

3 class lever system

effort between fulcrum and load

ex-elbow/knee joint

mechanical disadvantage

most common