Chapter 18 microbiology OpenStax multiple choice and matching

Antibodies are produced by:

Plasma cells

Cellular adaptive immunity is carried out by:

T cells

A single antigen molecule may be composed of many individual:

Epitopes

Which class of molecules is the most antigenic?

Proteins

MHC I molecules present:

Processed self-antigens from proteasomes

MHC II molecules present:

Processed foreign antigens from phagolysosomes

Which type of antigen-presenting molecule is found on all nucleated cells?

MHC I

Which type of antigen-presenting molecule is found only on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells?

MHC II

What is a superantigen?

A protein that activates T cells in a nonspecific and uncontrolled manner

To what does the TCR of a helper T cell bind?

Antigens presented with MHC II molecules

Cytotoxic T cells will bind with their TCR to which of the following?

Antigens presented with MHC I molecules

A ________ molecule is a glycoprotein used to identify and distinguish white blood cells.

Cluster of differentiation

Name the T helper cell subset involved in antibody production.

TH2

Which of the following would be a T-dependent antigen?

Protein

Which of the following would be a BCR?

IgD

Which of the following does not occur during the lag period of the primary antibody response?

Class switching to IgG

A patient is bitten by a dog with confirmed rabies infection. After treating the bite wound, the physician injects the patient with antibodies that are specific for the rabies virus to prevent the development of an active infection. This is an example of:

Artificial passive immunity

A patient gets a cold, and recovers a few days later. The patient's classmates come down with the same cold roughly a week later, but the original patient does not get the same cold again. This is an example of:

Natural active immunity

IgA

This class of antibody is found in very large amounts in mucus secretions.

IgD

This class of antibody is not secreted by B cells but is expressed on the surface of naive B cells

IgE

This class of antibody is involved in the defence against parastic infections and involved in allergic responses

IgG

This class of antibody is the only one that can cross the placenta.

IgM

This class of antibody is the first to appear after activation of B cells.

Inactivated vaccine

Influenza virus particles grown in chicken eggs are harvested and chemically treated to render them noninfectious. These immunogenic particles are then purified and packaged and administered as an injection.

Live attenuated vaccine

Weakened influenza virions that can only replicate in the slightly lower temperatures of the nasal passages are sprayed into the nose. They do not cause serious flu symptoms, but still produce an active infection that induces a protective adaptive immune response.

Toxoid vaccine

Tetanus toxin molecules are harvested and chemically treated to render them harmless. They are then injected into a patient’s arm.

Subunit vaccine

The gene for hepatitis B virus surface antigen is inserted into a yeast genome. The modified yeast is grown and the virus protein is produced, harvested, purified, and used in a vaccine.