Sports Med Study Guide

Which spinal segment is most commonly injured

Lumbar spine (especially L4-L5 and L5-S1)

What is the primary function of the nucleus pulposus

To absorb shock and provide cushioning between vertebrae

What characterizes spondylolisthesis

Forward slippage of one vertebra over another

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine

12

Which muscle is primarily responsible for cervical rotation

Sternocleidomastoid

What is the main function of the rotator cuff muscles

To stabilize the shoulder joint

What structure comprises the outer portion of the intervertebral disk

Annulus fibrosus

Which condition is characterized by excessive forward curvature of the lumbar spine

Lordosis

What is a common cause of impingement syndrome

Compression of the rotator cuff tendons under the acromion

Which bones form the shoulder joint

Humerus, scapula, and clavicle

What is tennis elbow

Lateral epicondylitis

What does the acronym SITS refer to in relation to shoulder anatomy

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis

Which ligament is commonly injured in pitchers

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)

What type of injury is referred to as a "burner" or "stinger"

Brachial plexus injury

In which direction do most disk bulges occur

Posterolateral

What is the proper first position when lifting an object from the floor

Squatting with a straight back and bent knees

What nerve is affected when hitting the "funny bone"

Ulnar nerve

Which condition involves abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Scoliosis

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint

Ball-and-socket joint

What structure helps deepen the glenoid fossa

Glenoid labrum

What is the primary function of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

To stabilize the distal radioulnar joint

What condition is indicated by pain and inability to actively extend the DIP joint

Mallet finger

Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis

What type of joint is the hip classified as

Ball-and-socket joint

Which bone is found in the anatomical snuffbox

Scaphoid

What is the mechanism of injury for Jersey finger

Forced extension of a flexed DIP joint

What is the longest bone in the human body

Femur

How many carpal bones make up the wrist

8

What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome

Median nerve

Which number metacarpal corresponds to the thumb

First metacarpal

What is the primary function of the labrum in the hip joint

To deepen the acetabulum and stabilize the femoral head

Where does myositis ossificans most commonly occur

Quadriceps muscle

What anatomical structure is affected in a hip pointer injury

Iliac crest

How many phalanges are in each finger (excluding the thumb)

3

What is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone

Lunate

Which muscle is responsible for hip extension and is the largest in the body

Gluteus maximus

Where are the flexor muscle groups of the forearm located

Anterior aspect of the forearm

What is the primary concern with a scaphoid fracture

Avascular necrosis

In which direction do most hip dislocations occur

Posterior

Which ligament is primarily affected in Gamekeeper's thumb

Ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb

Which ligament prevents anterior translation of the tibia on the femur

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

What are the three bones that compose the knee joint

Femur, tibia, patella

Which of the following is NOT one of the four muscles of the quadriceps

Biceps femoris

What type of bone is the patella classified as

Sesamoid bone

How many bones are present in the foot

26

Which ligament would most likely be injured if an opponent fell on the outside of an athlete's knee

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

What condition is characterized by inflammation of the fat pad beneath the patella

Hoffa's syndrome

What is the primary function of the menisci

To absorb shock and provide stability in the knee

Which muscle is responsible for plantarflexion

Gastrocnemius (also soleus)

What is the most common type of avulsion fracture in the body

Fifth metatarsal (base) avulsion fracture

Which hamstring muscle is located more medially

Semimembranosus

What structure connects the gastrocnemius and soleus to the calcaneus

Achilles tendon

What is the correct term for being "knock-kneed"

Genu valgum

Which condition is also known as "jumper's knee"

Patellar tendinitis

What is the main difference between tendinitis and tendinosis

Tendinitis is acute inflammation

tendinosis is chronic degeneration

Which ligament is stronger than all lateral ankle ligaments combined

Deltoid ligament

What condition involves inflammation of the thick band of tissue on the bottom of the foot

Plantar fasciitis

Which bone forms the lateral malleolus

Fibula

What is the difference between an autograft and an allograft

Autograft is tissue from the same person. Allograft is from a donor

What is the typical recovery period for stress fractures

6 to 8 weeks