2.1 ESS Species and Populations

Enviorment

A community of interdependent organisms and the physical environment they interact with.

Enviornments are made up of both ___ and ____ factors

abiotic biotic

biotic element

anything that is living and any interactions between the living components

Producers

plants that convert energy into matter

Consumers 

animals that eat plants or other animals.

Decomposers

organisms that breakdown waste into component parts for reuse

Species

group of organisms with common characteristics that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. 

Population

is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

How to write species name?

Genus name first and capatalized. And species name after

The further apart the populations….

The less likely to interbreed

The biotic elements of the ecosystem interact with….

abiotic elements

temperature

abiotic

sunlight

abiotic

habitat 

environment where species lives

niche

the smallest unit of the habitat and it refers to the way an organism fits into the ecosystem

fundamental niche

ALL the places where a species could live

realized niche

where the species actually lives

a habitat isnt always a…

geographical location

Limiting factors

resources in the environment that limit the growth

Limiting factors may be…..

abiotic or biotic

Density dependent

factors are ones that affect the population only when it reaches a certain density.

Density independent

factors will control populations no matter what the density of it is (often abiotic)

Carrying capacity

maximum number of individuals of a species that the environment can sustainably support in a given area

shows exponential population growth under ideal conditions with plenty of resources and limited competition

J-shaped curve

A

Population Crash

B

Initial growth phase is exponential bc of few limiting factors

S-shaped

more likely when resources are limited

Which graph is more likely to be used by k strategists

S curve

A

Carrying capacity

C

Growth rate slows as resources deplete

mutualism

benefit both individuals

predation

benefit one individual

Predation is a good example of……

evolution

Negative feedback

promotes stability in a system as it reverses the change and returns the system to the original state of equilibrium.

Positive feedback

amplifies the change in the system and keeps it going in the same direction

Parasitism

when an organism (the parasite) takes nutrients from another organism

ectoparasites

live outside host

endoparasites 

live inside host

Intraspecific competition

when members of the same species compete for a limited resource

Interspecific competition

where members of different species compete for a resource that they both need.