MAS 203 HESI Exam Extended Study Guide

Flashcards for MAS 203 HESI Exam Study Guide

ACE Inhibitors (e.g., Lisinopril)

Used to treat hypertension and heart failure by relaxing blood vessels. Side effects include dry cough, dizziness, and hyperkalemia.

Beta Blockers (e.g., Metoprolol, Propranolol)

Slow heart rate and reduce blood pressure, used in hypertension, arrhythmias, and anxiety. Side effects include bradycardia, fatigue, and cold extremities.

Calcium Channel Blockers (e.g., Amlodipine, Diltiazem)

Relax blood vessels and decrease heart workload, used to treat angina and hypertension.

Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)

Significant fluid loss; monitor electrolytes.

Thiazide Diuretics (e.g., HCTZ)

Often first-line for hypertension.

Potassium-sparing Diuretics (e.g., Spironolactone)

Less potassium loss.

Statins (e.g., Atorvastatin, Simvastatin)

Lower cholesterol by inhibiting liver enzyme. Watch for muscle pain and liver enzymes.

Metformin

Decreases liver glucose production. Common GI side effects.

Short-acting Bronchodilators (e.g., Albuterol)

Emergency relief for asthma attacks.

Side effect

Expected reactions to a medication.

Adverse reaction

Harmful and unintended reactions to a medication.

BID

Twice daily

TID

Three times daily

QID

Four times daily

PRN

As needed

IM (intramuscular) injection

90 degree angle, 1-1.5 inch needle. Sites: Deltoid, ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis.

SubQ (subcutaneous) injection

45 degree angle, Sites: abdomen, thigh, back of upper arm, Used for insulin, heparin.

ID (intradermal) injection

10-15 degree angle, Inject just under skin surface in forearm; used for TB testing.

Hep B Vaccine Schedule

Birth, 1 month, 6 months

Tdap Vaccine Schedule

Booster every 10 years

Blood Pressure (BP)

Normal: 120/80 mmHg; Hypertension: = 140/90

Pulse

Normal: 60-100 bpm; check rhythm and strength

Temperature

Oral (98.6F), Rectal (99.6F), Axillary (97.6F)

Respirations

Normal: 12-20 breaths/min; note rhythm and effort

Sterile Field Setup

Open away from body, never reach over.

Surgical Instruments

Hemostats, scissors, forceps, needle holders.

Order of Draw

1. Blood cultures 2. Light blue coagulation studies 3. Red serum tests 4. Green chemistry tests 5. Lavender hematology 6. Gray glucose, lactic acid

Urine Specimen

First morning sample preferred. Midstream clean catch for culture.

Centrifuge Use

Balance tubes across from each other. Never open while spinning.

EKG Limb Leads

RA (right arm), LA (left arm), RL (right leg), LL (left leg)

EKG Chest Leads

V1-V6 across chest (specific intercostal spaces)

P wave (EKG)

Atrial depolarization

QRS complex (EKG)

Ventricular depolarization

T wave (EKG)

Ventricular repolarization

HIPAA

Never share patient info without permission.

Informed Consent

Patient must understand procedure and agree to it.

Implied Consent

Used in emergencies.

Scope of Practice for MAs

MAs cannot diagnose, prescribe, or interpret test results.

Mandatory Reporting

Child/elder abuse, STIs (as required by law)

PPE

Gloves, gown, mask, face shield as needed. Don and doff in correct order.

Hand Hygiene

Use alcohol gel unless hands are visibly soiled then use soap and water.

Sanitization

Physical cleaning of instruments.

Disinfection

Kills most pathogens (e.g., bleach).

Sterilization

Kills all microbes; done in autoclave.

Chain of Infection

1. Infectious agent 2. Reservoir 3. Portal of exit 4. Mode of transmission 5. Portal of entry 6. Susceptible host