Understanding Human Development - Lesson 1

Vocabulary flashcards covering human development theories by Erik Erikson and Robert Havighurst, as well as protective and risk factors in development.

Development

The series of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and moral changes that occur in a person's life from birth until death.

Developmental Stages

Periods in life characterized by specific changes, challenges, and expectations, providing unique opportunities for growth.

Erik Erikson

A German-American Developmental Psychologist ($1902-1994$) who believed that personality develops throughout the entire lifespan.

Psychosocial Development Theory

A theory suggesting the development of personality occurs through social experiences, consisting of thoughts, feelings, and relationships.

Psychosocial Crisis

A challenge, conflict, or question in every stage of development that needs to be resolved; it does not mean disaster.

Infancy ($0-1$ Year Old)

The stage where infants learn to trust based on caregiver reliability to develop hope, or develop mistrust if neglected.

Early Childhood ($1-3$ Years Old)

The stage where toddlers assert independence; success fosters self-control and will, while over-control leads to shame.

Pre-School ($3-6$ Years Old)

The stage where children interact socially and play to develop purpose; over-restriction leads to a sense of guilt.

School Age ($7-11$ Years Old)

The stage where school and peer interactions help children master skills to build competence, while failure results in inferiority.

Adolescence ($12-18$ Years Old)

The stage of identity formation where navigating an identity crisis yields fidelity, while struggle leads to role confusion.

Early Adulthood ($19-29$ Years Old)

The stage where individuals seek intimate relationships to find love, while avoidance leads to loneliness and isolation.

Middle Age ($30-64$ Years Old)

The stage focused on contributing to society and the next generation (care); failure results in stagnation.

Old Age ($65$ Onward)

The stage of reflecting on life accomplishments; fulfillment leads to wisdom, while dwelling on regrets leads to bitterness.

Johari Window

A framework for self-awareness consisting of four quadrants: Open Area, Blind Spot, Hidden Area, and Unknown.

Open Area (Johari Window)

Things you know about yourself that are also known by others in a group.

Blind Spot (Johari Window)

Things you do not know about yourself, but others do know.

Hidden Area (Johari Window)

Things you know about yourself, but others do not know.

Unknown (Johari Window)

Things that are unknown by you about yourself and are also unknown by others.

Robert Havighurt

An American developmental psychologist ($1900-1991$) known for the Developmental Tasks Theory.

Developmental Tasks

Skills, behaviors, and responsibilities that individuals are expected to learn at a particular stage of life.

Sources of Developmental Tasks

Developmental tasks arise from physical maturation, personal values and goals, and societal expectations.

Adolescence Tasks ($13-17$ Years Old)

Key tasks include establishing emotional independence, learning skills for productive occupation, and achieving a gender-based social role.

Protective Factors

Conditions, characteristics, or relationships (such as self-confidence or supportive parents) that help individuals cope with challenges.

Risk Factors

Conditions, situations, or experiences (such as bullying or family conflict) that increase the likelihood of negative outcomes.