APHG Unit 2: Population & Migration Patterns & Processes

Vocabulary flashcards for key terms related to population and migration patterns and processes.

Population Distribution

The spread of people in an area.

Population Density

The number of people in an area.

Arithmetic Density

Total population divided by the total amount of land.

Physiological Density

Total population divided by the total amount of arable land.

Agricultural Density

Number of farmers divided by the total amount of arable land; it shows the level of efficiency of agricultural production in an area.

Carrying Capacity

The number of people that can be supported without damaging the environment.

Population Pyramid

A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically of a country or region), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

Sex Ratio

(Male births in a society / female births in society) * 100

Dependency Ratio

((Children aged 0 to 14) + (People aged 65+)/(Working age population)) * 100

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society.

Natural Increase Rate/Rate of Natural Increase

The percentage by which a population grows in a year. (NIR or RNI ) = CBR - CDR

Doubling Time

The amount of time it takes for a population to double in size.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a women will have.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The total number of deaths in individuals under one year of age in a year for every 1,000 live births.

Replacement Rate

A TFR of 2.1

Malthusian Theory

A society's population growth would cause the population of society to exceed the carrying capacity because food production grows arithmetically and population grows exponentially

Pro-natalist policies

Policies created to help increase a society's birth rate.

Anti-natalist policies

Policies created to decrease a society's birth rate.

Maternal Mortality Rate

A measure of the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births that occur due to pregnancy or childbirth-related complications

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

A set of generalizations about migration, including that most migration happens for economic reasons, migrants often travel short distances, and women are more likely to migrate internally.

Gravity Model

A model that shows the likelihood that a place will interact with another place. It factors in the size of the place and the distance from the other place.

Pull Factors

Positive situations, conditions, events, and factors that make people want to move to a place.

Push Factors

Negative situations, conditions, events, and factors that make people want to leave a place.

Emigration

When an individual leaves a country or political territory.

Immigration

When an individual enters a country or political territory.

Intervening Obstacles

Negative situations or events that hinder or stop a migrant from reaching their destination.

Intervening Opportunities

Positive situations or events that hinder or stop a migrant from reaching their destination.

Forced Migration

Migration that occurs due to external factors outside of the migrant's control

Refugee

An individual who has been forced to leave their home country and has crossed an international border.

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

A person who was forced to leave their home but did not cross an internationally recognized state border

Voluntary Migration

Migration that occurs due to a person choosing to migrate

Transnational Migration

A migrant emigrates from their home country to another country but remains connected to their origin country

Chain Migration

A process in which a legal immigrant who has become a naturalized citizen sponsors a family member to immigrate to the country

Guest Worker

A migrant who may temporarily migrate to a new country for work or education

Transhumance Migration

Migration that is cyclical and revolves around the seasonal movement of livestock

Rural-to-Urban Migration

Movement of people from rural settlements to urban settlements

Intraregional Migration

Migration that involves a permanent move within the same region

Interregional Migration

Migration that involves a permanent move from one region of a country to another region

Remittance

Money an immigrant sends back to their family residing in their home country

Brain Drain

When skilled labor leaves a geographic area in favor of another area that offers more opportunities

Acculturation

When a culture adopts various cultural traits of another culture, modifying the original culture.

Assimilation

When a minority culture adopts a new culture, resulting in a loss of the original culture