Informations Systems 4

IS strategic planning aligns information systems with what

It aligns IS actions with organizational direction

Organization strategic plan definition

Defines mission goals and broad steps

IS strategic plan definition

Describes long term IS goals required IT infrastructure and major initiatives

IS steering committee definition

Cross functional team ensuring IT priorities support needs

IS operational plan definition

Specifies concrete IS projects needed to execute strategy

Strategy definition

Planning + goals + resources

Objectives goals definition

Targets the organization aims to achieve

Resources definition

IT human financial hardware and software assets

Planning definition

Designing how resources support objectives

IS IT portfolio matrix strategic quadrant meaning

Systems with high importance and high strategic contribution

IS IT portfolio matrix key operational quadrant meaning

Systems with high importance and low strategic contribution

IS IT portfolio matrix high potential quadrant meaning

Systems with low importance and high future strategic contribution

IS IT portfolio matrix support quadrant meaning

Systems with low importance and low strategic contribution

SWOT strengths definition of IS

Internal IS capabilities

SWOT weaknesses definition of IS

Internal IS limitations

SWOT opportunities definition of IS

Possible external technological gains

SWOT threats definition of IS

External risks from market competitors or obsolete tech

Future systems projection purpose

Plan future IT investments upgrades and long term alignment

Importance of IS strategy alignment

IS must directly support organizational strategy

Fixed costs definition of IS

Infrastructure IT management and core services

Recurring costs definition of IS

Maintenance updates upgrades and licenses

Deployment choice costs definition of IS

Differences due to in house cloud outsourced or licensing models

Net present value definition

Compares discounted value of benefits versus costs

Return on investment formula

Net income generated / average cost of IT assets

Breakeven analysis definition

Identifies point where cumulative benefits equal total investment

Business case approach definition

Justifies why how and when a new system is needed

Tangible benefits definition

Measurable financial gains

Intangible benefits definition

Improvements in decision making morale or customer satisfaction

Benefits dependency network definition

Illustrates links from initiatives to required changes to business benefits

Main IS acquisition strategies list

Purchasing leasing customizing developing or licensing software and choosing between open-source or proprietary software

Benefits of off the shelf software

Many options testable before purchase saves development time known functionality and requires fewer developers

Drawbacks of off the shelf software

May not meet needs limited modification forces process changes vendor dependence and integration difficulties

Reasons for custom software

Supports unique processes improves security enables innovation and provides full control

Custom versus prewritten comparison cost

Custom has high upfront cost whereas prewritten has low upfront cost

Custom versus prewritten comparison fit

Custom fits needs perfectly whereas prewritten is generic

Custom versus prewritten comparison flexibility

Custom is highly flexible whereas prewritten has limited flexibility

Custom versus prewritten comparison support

Custom has contracted support whereas prewritten depends on vendor

Custom versus prewritten comparison control

Custom offers full control whereas prewritten offers limited control

Custom versus prewritten comparison scalability

Custom is highly scalable whereas prewritten is less scalable

Custom versus prewritten comparison speed

Custom is slow to deploy whereas prewritten is fast

Custom versus prewritten comparison testing

Custom needs full testing whereas prewritten is market tested

Customization drawbacks list

High cost risk of obsolescence and poor suitability if required only to meet needs

ASP benefits list

Saves money saves time requires little IT staff and suits small firms

ASP drawbacks list

May not fit requirements and provides low control over updates

SaaS advantages list

No installation lower operating cost minimal IT staff and pay as use model

Open source characteristics list

Free modifiable transparent code and community driven

Proprietary software characteristics list

Closed source licensed vendor supported

Open source versus proprietary comparison cost

Open source is free and proprietary requires payment

Open source versus proprietary comparison customization

Open source is highly customizable and proprietary is limited

Open source versus proprietary comparison security

Open source has transparent code and proprietary has vendor controlled security

Open source versus proprietary comparison support

Open source uses community support and proprietary uses vendor support

SDLC steps list

Investigation and planning analysis design programming and testing implementation and maintenance

Feasibility types list

Technical feasibility economic feasibility and behavioral feasibility

Possible system investigation outcomes list

Keep existing system enhance system or build new system

Systems analysis goal

Understand business problems and define requirements

Systems design purpose

Define how system will solve problems

Programming definition

Convert design into code

Testing definition

Verify correct results

Implementation strategies list

Direct parallel pilot and phased deployment

Maintenance types list

Debugging updating and adding functions

Agile development definition

Iterative flexible customer centered method

Agile core principles list

Individuals and interactions working software customer collaboration and responding to change

Tree swing example meaning

Illustrates miscommunication between stakeholders