Handout 5: Pulp Morphology of Permanent Dentition

max CI # of roots + characterisitics

1 root, conical, straight
blunt apex

how many root canals does max CI have? what % of the time?

1 canal (100% of time)

cervical cross-section of max CI root

rounded triangular

which tooth is the only one in the mouth that is wider MD than FL?

max CI

cervical cross-section of max CI pulp is

triangular

how many pulp horns does max CI usually posess?

2 (but may have a third)

prominent M and D pulp horns

root canal of max CI is wider in which dimension?

wider MD, narrow LL

which tooth has a root canal with the greatest axial incliniation (almost vertical MB)?

max CI

how many roots do max LI have? characteristics?

1 root

pointed apex deflects distally

cervical cross section of max LI root?

ovoid (slightly flattened MD)

how many root canals does max LI have?

1 canal (100% of time)

how many pulp horns do max LI have?

2 small pulp horns

cervical cross-section of max LI root canal?

oval

max LI root canal is wider in which dimension?

wider LL than MD

how many roots do max canines have? characteristics?

1 root

may have distal apical curvature

wider LL than MD

what is the longest root and tooth in the mouth?

max canines (longest root and crown length combined)

cervical cross-section of max canines

ovoid w flattened M and D surfaces

how many root canals for max canines?

1 root canal 100% of time

how many pulp horns do max canines have? characteristics?

1 pointed pulp horns

narrower MD than LL

which tooth has the widest pulp canal LL of any other tooth?

max canines

how many roots do max 1PM have?

2 roots (1 B + 1 L)

the max 1PM root bifurfaces at about where

½ root length

there is a deep concavity on which side of the max 1PM root?

mesial

how do the max 1PM roots compare to each other?

nearly equal in length (buccal slightly longer)

cervical cross-section of max 1PM?

kidney, figure 8, hourglass

what feature of the max 1PM has clinical signficiance and creates a high perforation zone during endodontic treatment?

coronal and radicular groove/depression of mesial surface

the mesial surface of max 1PM has a coronal and radicular groove/depression. what clinical correlation does this feature present?

creates a high perforation zone during endodontic treatment

how many root canals do max 1PM have?

2 canals: 90%
3 canals: 6%
1 canal: 4%

how many pulp horns does max 1PM have?

2 pulp horns (B and L)

describe max 1PM root canal dimensions.

extremely broad BL
much narrower MD

how many roots do max 2PM have? characteristics?

1 root

blunt apex
wider BL than MD

cervical cross section of max 2PM

flattened oval

how many root canals do max 2PM have?

1 canal: 60%
2 canals: 40%

how many pulp horns do max 2PM have?

2 pulp horns

describe dimensions of max 2PM root canals

very broad BL
very narrow MD

what is the most complex tooth in the mouth?

max 1M

how many roots does max 1M have?

3 roots (palatal, MB, DB)

describe each of the 3 roots of max 1M

lingual = longest, biggest (only root in mouth w concavities on B and L surfaces)

MB = flattest/widest root, often 2 canals, 2nd largest root of tooth

DB = smallest, shortest

which tooth has a lingual/palatal root that is the only root in the mouth with concavities on its buccal and lingual surfaces?

lingual/palatal root of max 1M

how many root canals for max 1M?

3 canals: 45%
4 canals: 55%

how many pulp horns for max 1M?

5 pulp horns

the MB canal of max 1M bifucates how often?

65-75% of time (2 canals in MB root)

the DB canal of max 1M bifurcates how often?

5%

canal orificies of the max 1M are above/below level of CEJ

below

4 canal orifice shape of max 1M

rhomboidal

3 canal orificie shape of max 1M

triangular

how many roots do max 2M have?

3 (palatal, MB, DB)

may be fused and incline distally

how many root canals for max 2M?

3 canals: 60%
4 canals: 20-40%w

how many pulp horns for max 2M?

3 or 4 pulp horns

shape of max 2M pulp chamber

rhomboidal

orificies for max 2M root canals are found where in relation to cervical line

apical to cervical line

how many roots do max 3M have?

3 roots (palatal, DB, MB) but very variable in size, shape, and number

how many root canals for max 3M?

3 root canals

how many pulp horns for max 3M?

3 or 4 pulp horns

how many roots for mand 3M?

2 (but very variable and often fused)

how many root canals for mand 3M?

3 root canals

how many pulp horns for mand 3M?

4 or 5 pulp horns

how many roots for mand 2M?

2 roots (1M + 1D)

which root is bigger for mand 2M?

mesial root larger than distal root

t/f: roots of mand 2M tend to be more fused than mand 1M

true

shape of mand 2M pulp chamber

trapezoidal

how many root canals for mand 2M?

3 canals: 80%
2 canals: 12%
4 canals: 8%

how many roots for mand 1M?

2 roots (1M + 1D)

how do the roots of mand 1M compare to each toher?

approximately equal length
mesial root wider and stronger, distal root smaller

cross section of mand 1M pulp chamber

rectangular

both roots of mand 1M are wider in which dimension?

BL than MD

how many root canals for mand 1M?

3 canals: 75%
4 canals: 25%

how many pulp horns for mand 1M?

5 pulp horns

how many roots for mand 2PM?

1 root

how does the root of mand 2PM compare to mand 1PM?

wider and longer

cross-sectional shape of mand 2PM

oval (rounder than mand 1PM)

how many root canals for mand 2PM?

1 root canal: 100%

how many pulp horns for mand 2PM?

3 cusp type = 3 pulp horns
2 cusp type = 2 pulp horns

which premolar is least likely to have 2 root canals?

mand 2PM

how many roots for mand 1PM? characteristics?

1 straight root w pointed apex
bifurcates occaionally

cross-sectional shape of mand 1PM

ovoid

how many root canals for mand 1PM?

1 root canals: 74.5%
2 root canals: 25%

which pulp horn is larger in mand 1PM?

buccal

root canal of mand 1PM is much wider in which dimension

BL than MD

how many roots for mand canine? characteristics?

1 root, may bifurcate
wider LL and narrower MD

which tooth has the 2nd longest root in mouth?

mand canine

cervical cross-section of mand canine

oval shape

t/f: root concavities may be present on mand canine root

true

how many root canals for mand canine?

1 canal: 75%
2 canals: 25%

BL measurement of mand canine pulp is widest where in crown?

cervical 1/3

root canal of mand canine is wider in which dimension?

LL than MD

how many roots for mand LI? characteristics?

1 straight, flat root (much wider LL and narrower MD)

root concavities exist on which surfaces of mand LI root?

mesial and distal

cross-section of mand LI shape

flat rectangle w rounded corners

t/f: mand LI root is slightly shorter and narrower than mand CI

false. mand LI root is slightly longer and thicker than mand CI

how many root canals for mand LI?

1 canal: 55%
2 canals: 45%

how many pulp horns for mand LI?

2 small pulp horns (disappear w age)

mand LI root canals are narrower in which dimension?

narrow MD and wider FL

which mand incisior bifurcates for often?

lateral bifurcates more often than central

how many roots for mand CI? characteristics?

1 straight flat root (much wider LL and narrower MD)

root concavities exist on which surfaces of mand CI root?

mesial and distal

cross-sectional shape of mand CI

flat rectangle w rounded corners

how many root canals for mand CI?

1 canal: 60%
2 canals: 40%

how many pulp horns for mand CI?

2 small pulp horns (disappear w age)

root canals of mand CI are wider in which dimension?

narrow MD and wider FL