Year 5 Elementary Science Curriculum ( Fiji ) - Practice Flashcards

A set of practice QA flashcards covering key concepts from the Year 5 Fiji Elementary Science notes, including strands, biodiversity, ecosystems, plant and animal adaptation, matter, energy, soils, and the Earth–Sun system.

What are the four strands in Year 5 Elementary Science curriculum?

Living Things and the Environment; Matter; Energy; and Earth and Beyond.

Define biodiversity.

The degree of variation in life; the variety of organisms in ecosystems and their relationships.

What is an ecosystem?

A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment in a specific area.

What are adaptive features?

Special structures or traits that help an organism survive in its environment.

Name two Fiji native endangered species mentioned in the notes.

Fijian Flying Fox and Fiji Petrel.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen (chlorophyll involved).

What is the blade of a leaf?

The main flat area (lamina) of a leaf where photosynthesis mainly occurs.

What is the petiole?

The leaf stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem.

What are stipules?

Small processes located at the base of the leaf petiole.

Name the four basic parts of a plant.

Leaves, stems, roots, and flowers.

What are the main functions of roots?

Anchor the plant, absorb water and minerals, store food, and propagate.

What are the functions of stems in plants?

Support leaves and flowers and transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

What is pollination?

Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower.

What is fertilisation?

Fusion of pollen with ovule to form a seed.

Difference between pollination and fertilisation.

Pollination is the transfer of pollen; fertilisation is the pollen reaching the ovule to form a seed.

Name the four types of teeth and their functions.

Incisors – biting/holding; Canines – tearing; Premolars – holding and crushing; Molars – chewing.

What are the three states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

Two properties of solids.

Solids keep their shape; they do not flow; particles are tightly packed.

Two properties of liquids.

Liquids take the shape of their container; they have definite volume.

Two properties of gases.

Gases are invisible and fill space; particles move freely in all directions.

What is a reversible change?

A change that can be undone; usually a physical change and does not form a new substance.

What is an irreversible change?

A chemical change that forms new substances and cannot be easily reversed.

What is energy?

The ability to do work; energy can be transformed or transferred. Forms include light, heat, movement, and sound.

Name renewable energy sources listed in the notes.

Hydro power, solar energy, wind energy, biomass, and geothermal energy.

Name non-renewable energy sources listed in the notes.

Coal, oil, and natural gas.

Difference between series and parallel circuits.

Series circuits connect end-to-end in a single loop; parallel circuits have branches so components can operate independently.

What causes day and night?

The Earth’s rotation on its axis; half the globe is illuminated at a time.

What is the Sun in the solar system?

The central star that provides energy to the solar system.

Name the five basic components of soil.

Minerals, water, air, organic matter, and microorganisms.

Name the four soil horizons mentioned in the notes.

O horizon, A horizon, B horizon, C horizon.

What is humus?

Organic matter in soil formed from decomposed plants and animals; improves moisture storage and nutrient availability.

What is a soil profile?

A cross-section of soil showing its horizons and characteristics.

Who is a pedologist?

A scientist who studies soils.

What is an ecosystem’s importance in Fiji’s environment?

Ecosystems support biodiversity, maintain balance, and provide resources; human actions can threaten them.

What is an endangered species?

A species at risk of extinction; examples in Fiji include the Fiji Flying Fox, Fiji Petrel, Fiji Crested Iguana, and Fiji Ground Frog.

What are the female and male parts of a flower?

Pistil (female) and Stamen (male); pistil includes stigma, style, ovary; stamen includes filament and anther.

What is pollination by insects vs wind?

Pollination is pollen transfer; pollinators like insects aid transfer; wind pollination is pollen carried by air.

What is photosynthesis formula (conceptual)?

Water + carbon dioxide + light energy → glucose + oxygen (catalyzed by chlorophyll).

What are plant reproduction types?

Sexual reproduction (involving pollination and fertilisation) and asexual (vegetative) reproduction.

What is a leaf’s stipule?

Small structures located at the base of the leaf petiole.

Name an example of a plant adaptation mentioned.

Mangroves have specialized roots to cope with saltwater and tidal flooding.

What is the difference between a solid’s volume and shape behavior?

Solids retain shape; liquids take shape of container; gases fill the space available.

What is the purpose of soil’s humus?

To improve soil structure, hold moisture, and supply nutrients (carbon and nitrogen) to plants.

What is the role of recycling’s 4Rs?

Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle to minimize waste and protect the environment.

What is a simple model to demonstrate the day-night cycle at class level?

Use a lamp as the Sun and students as the Earth to illustrate rotation and day/night progression.