Studied by 36 people
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Chemistry
The study of the composition of matter and the change that matter undergoes
Organic chemistry
The study of compounds containing carbon
Inorganic chemistry
The study of substances that, in general, do not contain carbon
Biochemistry
The area of chemistry that focuses on processes that take place in organisms
Analytical chemistry
The area of chemistry that focuses on the composition of matter
Physical chemistry
The area of chemistry that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change
Pure chemistry
The pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake
Applied chemistry
Research that is directed toward a practical goal or application
Technology
The means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired
Scientific method
A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem; steps in the scientific method include making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories
Observation
Information obtained through the senses; observation in science often involves a measurement
Hypothesis
A proposed explanation for an observation
Experiment
A repeatable procedure that is used to test a hypothesis
Independent variable
The variable that is changed during an experiment; also called manipulated variable
Dependent variable
The variable that is observed during an experiment; also called responding variable
Model
A representation of an object or an event
Theory
A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations
Scientific law
A concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter that an object contains; the SI base unit of mass is the kilogram
Volume
A measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter
Extensive property
A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
Intensive property
A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter
Substance
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition; either an element or a compound; also called pure substance
Physical property
A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
Solid
A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume
Liquid
A form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume, and an indefinite shape
Gas
A form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container; a gas has no definite shape or volume
Vapor
Describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature
Physical change
A change during which some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change
Mixture
A physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Heterogenous mixture
A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture
Homogenous mixture
A mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished
Solution
A homogenous mixture; consists of solutes dissolved into a solvent
Phase
Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
Filtration
A process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
Distillation
A process used to separate components of a mixture using differences in boiling points
Element
The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties; an element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
Compound
A substance that contains two of more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion
Chemical change
A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter
Chemical symbol
A one or two letter representation of an element
Periodic table
An arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties
Period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
Group
A vertical column of elements in the periodic table, the constituent elements of a group have similar chemical and physical properties
Chemical property
The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
Chemical reaction
A change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in product
Reactant
A substance present at the start of a reaction
Product
A substance produced in a chemical reaction
Precipitate
A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
Law of conservation of mass
In any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed
