Intermolecular Forces and Properties of Liquids

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to intermolecular forces and their effects on the physical properties of liquids, as discussed in the lecture.

Surface Tension

The ability of a liquid to resist an increase in surface area due to intermolecular forces.

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction (IMFA)

Attractive forces that operate between particles in solid and liquid states; includes van der Waals forces.

Hydrogen Bonding

A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction occurring when hydrogen is bonded to electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapor at equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature; inversely related to the strength of IMFA.

Heat of Vaporization (∆Hvap)

The amount of energy required to evaporate a liquid at 1 atm pressure; higher IMFA leads to higher ∆Hvap.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure; higher IMFA results in a higher boiling point.

Dispersion Forces

Also known as London forces, these are the weakest intermolecular forces arising from temporary dipoles in molecules.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Forces of attraction between polar molecules due to their permanent dipoles.

Boiling Point (BP)

The temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor; influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces.

Melting Point (MP)

The temperature at which a solid turns into liquid; stronger IMFA results in a higher melting point.