Drug Quiz #10 - PPI/H2RA/Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Blocker/Dopamine Antagonist/Misc.

Dexlansoprazole (Brand Name)

Dexilant

Dexlansoprazole (Drug Class; Indication)

Proton Pump Inhibitor; Erosive esophagitis, Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease

Dexlansoprazole (MOA)

Inhibition of the gastric H+/K+ ATPase proton pump

Dexlansoprazole (Side Effects)

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, flatulence, vomiting

Esomeprazole (Brand Name)

Nexium

Esomeprazole (Drug Class; Indication)

Proton Pump Inhibitor; H.Pylori GI Infection, Erosive esophagitis, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Esomeprazole (MOA)

Inhibition of the gastric H+/K+ ATPase proton pump

Esomeprazole (Side Effects)

Headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence

Lansoprazole (Brand Name)

Prevacid

Lansoprazole (Drug Class; Indication)

Proton Pump Inhibitor; Duodenal ulcer disease, Gastric ulcer disease, H.Pylori GI Infection, Erosive esophagitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Lansoprazole (MOA)

Inhibition of the gastric H+/K+ ATPase proton pump

Lansoprazole (Side Effects)

Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Nausea, Headache

Omeprazole (Brand Name)

Prilosec

Omeprazole (Drug Class; Indication)

Proton Pump Inhibitor; Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Peptic ulcer disease, H.Pylori GI infection, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Omeprazole (MOA)

Inhibition of the gastric H+/K+ ATPase proton pump

Omeprazole (Side Effects)

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, cough

Pantoprazole (Brand Name)

Protonix

Pantoprazole (Drug Class, Indication)

Proton Pump Inhibitor; Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Pantoprazole (MOA)

Inhibition of the gastric H+/K+ ATPase proton pump

Pantoprazole (Side Effects)

Headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, edema

Rabeprazole (Brand Name)

Aciphex

Rabeprazole (Drug Class; Indication)

Proton Pump Inhibitor; Peptic ulcer disease, H. Pylori GI Infection, Gastric hypersecretion, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Rabeprazole (MOA)

Inhibition of the gastric H+/K+ ATPase proton pump

Rabeprazole (Side Effects)

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, headache

Famotidine (Brand Name)

Pepcid

Famotidine (Drug Class; Indication)

Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist; Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Indigestion

Famotidine (MOA)

Competitive and reversible inhibition of histamine at the H2 receptor

Famotidine (Side Effects)

Agitation, constipation, dizziness, diarrhea, headache

Dicyclomine (Brand Name)

Bentyl

Dicyclomine (Drug Class; Indication)

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor blocker; Irritable bowel syndrome

Dicyclomine (MOA)

relieves smooth muscle spasm of the GI tract via a specific anticholinergic effect (antimuscarinic) at the acetylcholine-receptor sites and a direct effect on smooth muscle (musculotropic)

Dicyclomine (Side Effects)

Nausea, xerostomia, blurred vision, dizziness

Metoclopramide (Brand Name)

Reglan

Metoclopramide (Drug Class; Indication)

Dopamine antagonist; Diabetic gastroparesis, Gastroesophagela reflux disease

Metoclopramide (MOA)

Blocks dopamine receptors and (when given in higher doses) also blocks serotonin receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone of the CNS; enhances the response to acetylcholine of tissue in upper GI tract causing enhanced motility and accelerated gastric emptying without stimulating gastric, biliary, or pancreatic secretions; increases lower esophageal sphincter tone

Metoclopramide (Side Effects)

Asthenia, somnolence, restlessness, visual disturbances

Prochloperazine (Brand Name)

Compazine

Prochloperazine (Drug Class; Indication)

Dopamine antagonist; Nausea and vomiting

Prochloperazine (MOA)

Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist that belongs to the phenothiazine class piperazine phenothiazine antipsychotic which blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain, including the chemoreceptor trigger zone; exhibits a strong alpha-adrenergic and anticholinergic blocking effect and depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones

Prochloperazine (Side Effects)

Nausea, headache, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms

Ondansetron (Brand Name)

Zofran

Ondansetron (Drug Class; Indication)

5-HT3 receptor antagonist; Nausea and vomiting

Ondansetron (MOA)

Selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonist which blocks serotonin, both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Ondansetron (Side Effect)

Constipation, diarrhea, headache, fatigue

Promethazine (Brand Name)

Phenergan

Promethazine (Drug Class; Indication)

Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist; Nausea and vomiting

Promethazine (MOA)

Competitively blocks histamine H1 receptors without blocking the secretion of histamine

Promethazine (Side Effects)

Somnolence, xerostomia, constipation

Rifaximin (Brand Name)

Xifaxan

Rifaximin (Drug Class; Indication)

Rifamycin; Hepatic encephaglopathy, Irritable Bowel Syndrome without constipation, Traveler's diarrhea

Rifaximin (MOA)

Semisynthetic derivative of rifampin and inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Rifaximin (Side Effects)

Edema, dizziness, ascites, nausea

Sucralfate (Brand Name)

Carafate

Sucralfate (Drug Class; Indication)

Muscosal protectant; Duodenal ulcer

Sucralfate (MOA)

Forms a complex with positively charged proteins that forms a protective coating for local protection of the gastric lining against peptic acid, pepsin, and bile salts

Sucralfate (Side Effects)

Constipation

Tacrolimus (Brand Name)

Prograf, Astagraf XL

Tacrolimus (Drug Class; Indication)

Calcineurin inhibitor; Transplant rejection prophylaxis

Tacrolimus (MOA)

Binds to cyclophilin, which inhibits the antigenic response of helper T lymphocytes, which in turn reduces the production of interleukin-2 and suppresses interferon-γ. Inhibition of the immune response limits inflammation

Tacrolimus (Side Effects)

Infection, tremor, hypertension, nephrotoxicity, hyperglycemia