Unit 2 - Intelligence and Achievement

Intelligence

Capacity to learn, solve problems, and adapt.

g (general intelligence)

Overall cognitive ability.

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Mental age/chronological age × 100.

Mental age

Intellectual performance relative to age norms.

Chronological age

Actual age in years.

Standardization

Consistency in testing and scoring.

Validity

Accuracy of a test in measuring intended constructs.

Construct validity

Measures abstract concepts effectively.

Predictive validity

Test results correlate with future outcomes.

Reliability

Consistency of test results over time.

Test-retest reliability

Stability of results across testing sessions.

Split-half reliability

Internal consistency within a test.

Stereotype threat

Performance impacted by fear of conforming to stereotypes.

Stereotype lift

Performance enhanced by absence of negative stereotypes.

Flynn Effect

Rise in average IQ scores over time.

Achievement tests

Assess learned knowledge.

Aptitude tests

Predict future learning potential.

Fixed mindset

Belief in static abilities.

Growth mindset

Belief in developable abilities.